Leading Diverse Workforces: Perspectives from Managers and Employers about Dyslexic Employees in Australian Workplaces
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Aim
3. Method
3.1. Participants
Data Collection
3.2. Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Employees with Dyslexia and Workplace Challenges
4.1.1. Dyslexic Employees’ Workplace Performance
“…a little bit slower than the other staff and sort of needed to pick up the pace and she needed to work on the interpretation of briefs a little bit better…”
“Sometimes we’ve got these big numbers, which are product codes or item numbers for reference. And then if the box says ‘food’, and the food item is written in its long form, but the box perhaps has the short form, they can’t determine that that is that item, because… you know, it doesn’t match.”[P1]
4.1.2. Self-Disclosure of Disability by Dyslexic Employees
“…One team member had joined us, and had passed their probation period, [but needed to] develop their written communication [skills]. When he came to me, he was quite open and said ‘Look, I do have a lot of difficulties in this area and this is my concern, which is my problem, my disability…”[P1]
“…[They] told me after a very good review that [they] had dyslexia. They just said there’s something else that they need to tell me, and I could see them start to tremble, and the anxiety in their face and fear. Judging from that, I would expect employers may have discriminated against people with a learning disability, or possibly managed it in a way that wasn’t so proactive and positive for the employee…”[P3]
“…We do have a non-discriminatory policy, obviously. It’s more geared towards ‘this is the legislation, and this is what you need to be aware of.’ It’s not an individual sort of “this is the way we want you to handle it if (sic) [it’s] brought up, or if you become aware of it.” So, no, there isn’t a specific policy that deals with it at all…”[P1]
“…In two instances the employee was brought to HR. These people had got along [with their teams], they had worked out ways of working that worked [for them] the people that knew them well, knew their contribution, and valued them highly. However, then somebody came along and asked for something different of them, that wasn’t their core-strength, and they weren’t able to do it. They just weren’t confident to either disclose the dyslexia or manage the situation in a way to get the other person off their back. And it turned into a conflict…”[P4]
4.1.3. Discrimination in the Workplace, a Manager’s Perspective
“…The team leader would not provide the information that they [their staff] required in a written format. The staff felt the team leader was deliberately holding them up from progressing in their career. The team leader was about to be stood down pending further investigation. He broke down, and disclosed he had dyslexia, which he had been able to keep undisclosed from the company. He said he didn’t want anyone to know. He felt [a lot of] shame and was willing to take the disciplinary action as a choice over disclosing the dyslexia. That’s how strongly he felt about it…”
“… If you get a document that you can tell is just not up to a standard, I can imagine in an environment where no one knows anything [about dyslexia]…, I could imagine very easily that you’d get bullied because a person would just say you’re not doing your job, you’re doing a crap job, what is this work, it’s not enough, it’s not what I expect, and you’ve got to do better…”[P2]
“…There needs to be the stigma removal of dyslexia because I think they’re very cautious about sharing with others in case they’re treated differently…”[P1]
“…I think we could always do with education of others. If you’ve got team members that are dyslexic, there are obviously concerns, there are considerations, and this is what we should and shouldn’t do. But I think we need to educate the rest of the team first. Because otherwise you’ll have some people that will think that, you know, they’re getting a better run or they don’t have to do all of this, and we’re all getting paid the same money. There’s always going to be that aspect…”[P4]
4.1.4. Organisational Practices, Policies and Processes
“…Shortlisted candidates have to do psychometric testing, which is online testing. There’s a lot of reading in the tests. It’s not easy. I can imagine that is a barrier for someone with severe dyslexia. And then there’s quite a lot of reading [going forward]. There are heaps of policies, there’s heaps of documents to read, heaps of readings, essentially. So that’s also not that helpful…”[P2]
“…I think there is a growing awareness in our society about neurodiversity and all the value that brings. Personally, I think in the last five years, maybe even 10, there’s a heap more awareness. It’s an opportune time for there to be a rethink in terms of what we mean by inclusion…”[P2]
4.2. Workplace Enablers That Support Dyslexic Employees
4.2.1. Inclusive Leadership in Action to Support Individuals with Dyslexia in the Workplace
“…I always think about who she [the employee] should work with when we’re doing big pieces of work, like big reports, in that I know that if I assign her a project officer to work alongside her to check everything and to do the editing and all of that stuff, then I know it’s going to be a good end result…”[P2]
4.2.2. Workplace Training to Increase Understanding and Awareness of Dyslexia
“…I think that managers see it [dyslexia] as something that’s difficult to deal with. It makes their job harder. Everyone’s time is precious, so unless they’ve got an open mind, I think sometimes it’s seen as something that’s a little bit hard to deal with, and that’s going to add another element to their already busy day. Workplaces don’t have enough knowledge of [dyslexia]. Having to stretch your mind to trying to understand LGBTQ, then multifaith, multicultural. Now we’ve got neurodiverse thinking and then you’ve got dyslexia, autism, anxiety, depression, mental health. It’s like “I don’t have a psychology degree, how am I meant to manage all of this?”[P4]
“…I think it would be good for people to have more awareness around the link between reasonable adjustments [in the workplace] and dyslexia. Because that is sort of an advocacy movement. So, it potentially could be an awareness program that would be very helpful for people that have dyslexia…”[P4]
5. Discussion
5.1. Workplace Performance of Dyslexic Employees
5.2. Disclosure of Dyslexia by Employees
5.3. Discrimination of Dyslexic Employees
5.4. Creating Inclusive Workplaces
5.5. Implementation of International and National Policy Change That Can Create Workplace Inclusion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Interview Guide: Looking from the Outside In-Dyslexia and the Workplace
- How long have you been employed in your current job?
- Role within organisation
- Do you work in a metro or regional/rural location?
- Can you briefly tell me about your workplace/business?
- How many staff
- What state do you live in
- When did you first come across the term LDs within the workplace?
- What is your understanding of what these terms meant?
- In your view, how do you think others would perceive what dyslexia is
- Can you tell me about any employees that have had dyslexia?
- Do you think that a Dyslexia impacts on an employee’s ability to carry out their day to day work tasks?
- ○
- Could you tell me more about that?
Possible probes:- ○
- Do you think LDs can have positive and negative effects on employees’ work?
- ○
- Do you think LDs ever effect employees’ mental health and wellbeing at work?
- ○
- Do you LDs effect employees work performance?
- ○
- Have you every noted that employees with LDs have higher rates of absenteeism?
- ○
- Do you think employees with LDs need special consideration to ensure they complete tasks and complete work on time?
- Could you tell me about any HR processes in your workplace for employees with dyslexia.
- How would you manage inclusion and Diversity policies?
- In your view, what are the attitudes of other staff towards employees that have dyslexia?
- ○
- Do you think dyslexia can have positive and negative effects at work?
- ○
- Have you hear of the term neurodiversity?
- Do you feel that if a staff member discloses they have a Dyslexia within the workplace that they could be discriminated against?
- ○
- Have you seen this happen?
- ○
- Would it be their peers or line manager who would be more likely to discriminate against them?
- If an employee has disclosed, they have dyslexia and need assistance would you know where to get help and resources?
- Are there any changes you would make within the workplace to better support people who have dyslexia?
- Are there any resources or supports you would like to see developed to support staff with dyslexia?
- Budget to support employees with adaptations
- I appreciate the time you took for this interview. Is there anything else you think would be helpful for me to know or that you’d like to add?
- I should have all the information I need. Would it be alright to call you if I have any more questions?
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Participants | Gender | Company Size (Employees) | Industry | Length of Time in Current Role | Occupation | Participant Location (State) | Location of Business |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | F | 95 | Hospitality and Tourism | 5–10 years | Challenge and Culture Manager within an international chain hotel, oversaw staff across front office, food and beverage, finance, kitchen, and maintenance | New South Wales | Metro |
P2 | F | 100 | Non-Government Organisation | 3–5 years | Associate Director working in an international not-for-profit organisation with an Australian branch | Victoria | National |
P3 | M | 13 | Graphic Design Agency | 10+ years | Director and an Account Manager for their own national marketing and communication company, responsible for looking after projects and staff. | Victoria | Metro |
P4 | F | 30,000 | Manufacturing | 18 months | Business Development Officer; had previously worked as a Human Resources Manager for two national companies in manufacturing. | Victoria | National |
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Wissell, S.; Karimi, L.; Serry, T.; Furlong, L.; Hudson, J. Leading Diverse Workforces: Perspectives from Managers and Employers about Dyslexic Employees in Australian Workplaces. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911991
Wissell S, Karimi L, Serry T, Furlong L, Hudson J. Leading Diverse Workforces: Perspectives from Managers and Employers about Dyslexic Employees in Australian Workplaces. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):11991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911991
Chicago/Turabian StyleWissell, Shae, Leila Karimi, Tanya Serry, Lisa Furlong, and Judith Hudson. 2022. "Leading Diverse Workforces: Perspectives from Managers and Employers about Dyslexic Employees in Australian Workplaces" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 11991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911991