Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patient Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Data Source and Study Timeframe
2.3. Study Outcomes
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. PD-L1 Prevalence Cohort
3.2. PD-L1+ Cohort
3.2.1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
3.2.2. Disease Recurrence
3.2.3. Treatment Patterns
3.2.4. Overall and Disease-Free Survival
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | PD-L1 Negative | PD-L1 Positive 1 | All PD-L1–Tested Patients |
---|---|---|---|
Overall, n (% of 539) | 222 (41.2) | 317 (58.8) | 539 (100.0) |
PD-L1 Expression, n (%) | |||
1–49% | -- | 180 (56.8) | 180 (33.4) |
≥50% | -- | 137 (43.2) | 137 (25.4) |
Stage at Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
IB | 98 (44.1) | 112 (35.3) | 210 (39.0) |
II | 83 (37.4) | 126 (39.8) | 209 (38.8) |
IIIA | 41 (18.5) | 79 (24.9) | 120 (22.3) |
Sex, n (%) | |||
Female | 116 (52.2) | 162 (51.1) | 278 (51.6) |
Male | 106 (47.8) | 155 (48.9) | 261 (48.4) |
Race 2, n (%) | |||
Asian, NOS | 18 (8.1) | 13 (4.1) | 31 (5.8) |
Caucasian | 20 (9.0) | 44 (13.9) | 64 (11.9) |
East, Central, or South Asian | 17 (7.7) | 19 (6.0) | 36 (6.7) |
Other | 45 (20.3) | 81 (25.5) | 126 (23.4) |
Unknown | 122 (55.0) | 160 (50.5) | 282 (52.3) |
Smoking Status, n (%) | |||
Current/former smoker | 145 (65.3) | 270 (85.2) | 415 (77.0) |
Never smoker | 66 (29.7) | 42 (13.2) | 108 (20.0) |
Unknown | 11 (5.0) | 5 (1.6) | 16 (3.0) |
Histopathological Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
Adenocarcinoma | 173 (77.9) | 198 (62.4) | 371 (68.8) |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 30 (13.5) | 87 (27.4) | 117 (21.7) |
Adenosquamous carcinoma | 0 (0.0) | 9 (2.8) | 9 (1.7) |
Large cell carcinoma | 12 (5.4) | 2 (0.6) | 14 (2.6) |
Other 3 | 7 (3.2) | 21 (6.6) | 28 (5.2) |
EGFRm Testing Status, n (%) | |||
Unknown/Not tested | 53 (23.9) | 96 (30.3) | 149 (27.6) |
Known/Tested 4 | 169 (76.1) | 221 (69.7) | 390 (72.4) |
EGFRm Status 5, n (%) | |||
Negative | 123 (72.8) | 185 (83.7) | 308 (79.0) |
Positive | 46 (27.2) | 36 (16.3) | 82 (21.0) |
Common Exon 19 deletion | 20 (11.8) | 14 (6.3) | 34 (8.7) |
Common Exon 21 L858R | 17 (10.1) | 9 (4.1) | 26 (6.7) |
Uncommon mutations | 9 (5.3) | 13 (5.9) | 22 (5.6) |
Characteristic | Resection Alone | Resection + Adjuvant Therapy | All PD-L1+ Patients |
---|---|---|---|
Overall, n (% of 317) | 186 (58.7) | 131 (41.3) | 317 (100) |
Age at Diagnosis | |||
Years, mean (SD) | 71.8 (8.7) | 68.0 (8.5) | 70.2 (8.8) |
≥65 years, n (%) | 149 (80.1) | 92 (70.2) | 241 (76.0) |
<65 years, n (%) | 37 (19.9) | 39 (29.8) | 76 (24.0) |
Stage at Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
IB | 102 (54.8) | 10 (7.6) | 112 (35.3) |
II | 58 (31.0) | 68 (51.9) | 126 (39.8) |
IIIA | 26 (13.9) | 53 (40.4) | 79 (24.9) |
Sex | |||
Female | 97 (52.2) | 65 (49.6) | 162 (51.1) |
Male | 89 (47.8) | 66 (50.4) | 155 (48.9) |
PD-L1 Expression, n (%) | |||
1–49% | 105 (56.5) | 75 (57.3) | 180 (56.8) |
≥50% | 81 (43.5) | 56 (42.7) | 137 (43.2) |
Race 1, n (%) | |||
Asian, NOS | 6 (3.2) | 7 (5.3) | 13 (4.1) |
Caucasian | 20 (10.8) | 24 (18.3) | 44 (13.9) |
East, Central, or South Asian | 9 (4.8) | 10 (7.6) | 19 (6.0) |
Other | 54 (29.0) | 27 (20.6) | 81 (25.6) |
Unknown | 97 (52.2) | 63 (48.1) | 160 (50.5) |
Weight Category, n (%) | |||
<60 kg | 40 (21.5) | 20 (15.3) | 60 (18.9) |
≥60 kg | 111 (59.7) | 92 (70.2) | 203 (64.0) |
Unknown | 35 (18.8) | 19 (14.5) | 54 (17.0) |
Smoking Status, n (%) | |||
Current/former smoker | 164 (88.2) | 106 (80.9) | 270 (85.2) |
Never smoker | 18 (9.7) | 24 (18.3) | 42 (13.3) |
Unknown | 4 (2.2) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (1.6) |
ECOG Status, n (%) | |||
0 | 69 (37.1) | 32 (24.4) | 101 (31.9) |
1 | 31 (16.7) | 29 (22.1) | 60 (18.9) |
2 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) |
Unknown | 85 (45.7) | 69 (52.7) | 154 (48.6) |
Result of Surgery, n (%) | |||
R0 | 180 (96.8) | 124 (94.7) | 304 (95.9) |
R1 | 6 (3.2) | 5 (3.9) | 11 (3.5) |
R2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) |
Histopathological Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
Adenocarcinoma | 110 (59.1) | 88 (67.2) | 198 (62.5) |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 53 (28.5) | 34 (30.0) | 87 (27.4) |
Adenosquamous carcinoma | 6 (3.2) | 3 (2.3) | 9 (2.8) |
Large cell carcinoma | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) |
Other | 15 (8.1) | 6 (4.6) | 21 (6.6) |
EGFRm Testing Status, n (%) | |||
Unknown/Not tested | 61 (32.8) | 35 (26.7) | 96 (30.3) |
Known/Tested 2 | 125 (67.2) | 96 (73.3) | 221 (69.7) |
EGFRm Status 3, n (%) | |||
Negative | 110 (88.0) | 75 (78.1) | 185 (83.7) |
Positive | 15 (12.0) | 21 (21.9) | 36 (16.3) |
Common Exon 19 deletion | 6 (4.8) | 8 (8.3) | 14 (6.3) |
Common Exon 21 L858R | 3 (2.4) | 6 (6.3) | 9 (4.1) |
Uncommon mutations | 6 (4.8) | 7 (7.3) | 13 (5.9) |
Variable | No. of Patients | No. of Deaths | Median OS mo. (95% CI) | No. of DFS Events | Median DFS mo. (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 317 | 66 | NE (NE–NE) | 125 | 40.0 (30.0–NE) |
Stage at Diagnosis | |||||
IB | 112 | 11 | NE (NE–NE) | 23 | NE (NE–NE) |
II | 126 | 31 | 45.5 (40.9–NE) | 53 | 30.0 (19.6–NE) |
IIIA | 79 | 24 | NE (33.3–NE) | 49 | 18.7 (12.7–29.5) |
II and IIIA combined | 205 | 55 | NE (40.9–NE) | 102 | 22.6 (19.1–32.9) |
Result of Surgery | |||||
R0 | 304 | 62 | NE (NE–NE) | 118 | 40.9 (30.0–NE) |
R1 | 11 | 3 | 37.2 (37.2–NE) | 6 | 19.4 (16.9–NE) |
R2 | 2 | 1 | 22.6 (NE–NE) | 1 | 12.0 (12.0–NE) |
R1 + R2 | 13 | 4 | 37.2 (22.6–NE) | 7 | 19.4 (12.7–NE) |
Treatment Type | |||||
Resection alone | 186 | 33 | NE (NE–NE) | 58 | NE (40.0–NE) |
Resection + adjuvant therapy (systemic and/or RT) | 131 | 33 | NE (45.5–NE) | 67 | 28.2 (20.6–42.2) |
Adjuvant Therapy Status (systemic and/or RT) | |||||
Complete | 86 | 20 | NE (45.5–NE) | 43 | 32.0 (22.6–NE) |
Incomplete 1 | 38 | 10 | NE (33.1–NE) | 21 | 21.4 (10.1–NE) |
PD-L1 Expression | |||||
1–49% | 180 | 33 | NE (NE–NE) | 70 | 38.9 (30.0–NE) |
≥50% | 137 | 33 | NE (NE–NE) | 55 | 40.0 (22.5–NE) |
EGFRm Status | |||||
Positive | 36 | 9 | NE (38.9–NE) | 18 | 32.9 (18.7–NE) |
Common mutations | 23 | 5 | NE (33.3–NE) | 11 | 22.5 (14.1–NE) |
Uncommon mutations | 13 | 3 | NE (38.9–NE) | 6 | 38.9 (16.9–NE) |
Negative | 185 | 31 | NE (NE–NE) | 67 | 42.2 (30.5–NE) |
Unknown | 96 | 26 | NE (NE–NE) | 40 | 40.0 (19.6–NE) |
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Cheema, P.K.; Syed, I.; Gwadry-Sridhar, F.; Rakibuz-Zaman, M.; Sachdeva, R.; Pencz, A.; Zhan, L.; Hueniken, K.; Patel, D.; Balaratnam, K.; et al. Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 6735-6748. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110497
Cheema PK, Syed I, Gwadry-Sridhar F, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Sachdeva R, Pencz A, Zhan L, Hueniken K, Patel D, Balaratnam K, et al. Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study. Current Oncology. 2024; 31(11):6735-6748. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110497
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheema, Parneet K., Iqra Syed, Femida Gwadry-Sridhar, Muhammad Rakibuz-Zaman, Robin Sachdeva, Alec Pencz, Luna Zhan, Katrina Hueniken, Devalben Patel, Karmugi Balaratnam, and et al. 2024. "Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study" Current Oncology 31, no. 11: 6735-6748. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110497
APA StyleCheema, P. K., Syed, I., Gwadry-Sridhar, F., Rakibuz-Zaman, M., Sachdeva, R., Pencz, A., Zhan, L., Hueniken, K., Patel, D., Balaratnam, K., Khan, K., Grant, B., Sheffield, B. S., Locke, M. E. O., Moldaver, D., Shanahan, M. K., Liu, G., & Kuruvilla, M. S. (2024). Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study. Current Oncology, 31(11), 6735-6748. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110497