Depression, Anxiety, and Pain Predict Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Postradiotherapy Ablation in Taiwan: A 48-Week Follow-Up Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
1.2. Mental Health in Thyroid Cancer Patients
1.3. Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients
1.4. Indicators of HRQoL in Patients with DTC
1.5. Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Ethics
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire
2.2.2. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety
2.2.3. Thirty-Six Item Short-Form Health Survey
2.3. Study Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subjects
3.2. Improvement of Depression, Anxiety, Pain, and HRQoL
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings of This Study
4.2. Thyroid Cancer and Mental HRQoL
4.3. Thyroid Cancer and Physical HRQoL
4.4. Pain and HRQoL
4.5. Thyroid Hormone Supplementation and HRQoL
4.6. Parathyroid Hormone and HRQoL
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Completers (n = 114) | Dropouts (n = 86) | ||
---|---|---|---|
n (%) or Mean (SD) | n (%) or Mean (SD) | p | |
Female | 85 (74.6) | 63 (73.3) | 0.84 |
Age (years) | 50.8 ± 12.7 | 47.5 ± 12.6 | 0.07 |
Education level (years) | 11.2 ± 4.3 | 12.0 ± 3.9 | 0.17 |
With partner | 84 (74.3) | 62 (72.1) | 0.72 |
Low income | 54 (47.8) | 37 (43.5) | 0.55 |
Previous psychiatric service | 13 (11.4) | 9 (10.5) | 0.83 |
Baseline free T4 (ng/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.23 |
Baseline TSH (μIU/mL) | 75.0 ± 38.9 | 104.6 ± 88.0 | 0.002 ** |
Baseline thyroglobulin (ng/mL) | 394.2 ± 2121.4 | 111.2 ± 552.1 | 0.25 |
Baseline antithyroglobulin antibodies | 17 (15.9) | 8 (10.8) | 0.33 |
rhTSH use | 11 (9.7) | 9 (10.6) | 0.84 |
Baseline (n = 200) | 24 Weeks (n = 149) | 48 Weeks (n = 114) | |
---|---|---|---|
TDQ, mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 8.2 | 5.9 ± 4.8 | 6.8 ± 6.7 |
HAM-A, mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 4.0 | 3.3 ± 3.1 | 3.3 ± 2.8 |
SF-36 BP, mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 1.3 |
SF-36 MCS, mean ± SD | 46.8 ± 10.4 | 49.5 ± 8.3 | 53.4 ± 12.4 |
SF-36 PCS, mean ± SD | 50.2 ± 7.8 | 52.3 ± 7.6 | 48.3 ± 10.1 |
Baseline | 24 Weeks | 48 Weeks | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TDQ | HAM-A | SF-36 BP | TDQ | HAM-A | SF-36 BP | TDQ | HAM-A | SF-36 BP | |
SF-36 MCS | −0.53 ** | −0.046 ** | 0.15 | −0.50 ** | −0.40 ** | 0.15 | −0.044 ** | −0.35 ** | 0.21 * |
SF-36 PCS | −0.36 ** | −0.31 ** | 0.09 | −0.47 ** | −0.26 ** | 0.17 | −0.34 ** | −0.26 ** | 0.79 ** |
SF36 MCS | SF36 PCS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
Gender (ref: male) | 2.64 | −0.80 | 6.08 | 0.32 | −2.42 | 3.05 |
Age | 0.03 | −0.18 | 0.24 | −0.02 | −0.13 | 0.10 |
Education level | −0.19 | −0.71 | 0.33 | 0.05 | −0.31 | 0.41 |
With partner | 0.89 | −2.66 | 4.44 | 0.29 | −2.33 | 2.90 |
Low income | −4.74 * | −8.50 | −0.99 | −2.11 | −4.75 | 0.52 |
Previous psychiatric service | 2.74 | −2.51 | 7.99 | 4.07 *** | 1.77 | 6.37 |
rhTSH use | −5.67 * | −11.01 | −0.32 | −1.36 | −7.11 | 4.40 |
TSH | −0.02 *** | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.01 |
Free_T4 | 2.55 * | 0.48 | 4.63 | 0.64 | −1.44 | 2.72 |
Thyroglobulin | <−0.001 | <−0.001 | <0.001 | <−0.001 | <−0.001 | <0.001 |
Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies | −2.43 | −6.73 | 1.87 | 1.52 | −1.11 | 4.16 |
Ca | 1.97 | −0.46 | 4.39 | 0.53 | −1.06 | 2.12 |
TDQ | −0.37 * | −0.67 | −0.07 | −0.09 | −0.26 | 0.07 |
HAM-A | −1.12 *** | −1.65 | −0.59 | −0.45 ** | −0.78 | −0.12 |
SF-36 BP | 2.74 * | 0.26 | 5.22 | 5.66 *** | 4.48 | 6.83 |
SF-36 MCS | −0.23 *** | −0.34 | −0.12 | |||
SF-36 PCS | −0.45 *** | −0.67 | −0.24 |
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Hsieh, K.-Y.; Cheng, K.-D.; Chu, C.-S.; Yen, Y.-C.; Changchien, T.-C. Depression, Anxiety, and Pain Predict Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Postradiotherapy Ablation in Taiwan: A 48-Week Follow-Up Study. Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31, 6608-6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110488
Hsieh K-Y, Cheng K-D, Chu C-S, Yen Y-C, Changchien T-C. Depression, Anxiety, and Pain Predict Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Postradiotherapy Ablation in Taiwan: A 48-Week Follow-Up Study. Current Oncology. 2024; 31(11):6608-6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110488
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsieh, Kuan-Ying, Kai-Da Cheng, Che-Sheng Chu, Yung-Chieh Yen, and Te-Chang Changchien. 2024. "Depression, Anxiety, and Pain Predict Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Postradiotherapy Ablation in Taiwan: A 48-Week Follow-Up Study" Current Oncology 31, no. 11: 6608-6620. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110488