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Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 7
Issue 11
10.4414/cvm.2004.01055
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Cardiovascular Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 28 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Editores Medicorum Helveticorum (EMH).
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Proceeding Paper

Myocardial Infarction and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion: An Overview

by
Jorik R. Timmer
1,*,
Iwan C. C. van der Horst
1,
Jan Paul Ottervanger
1,
Arnoud W. J. van 't Hof
1,
Henk J. G. Bilo
2 and
Felix Zijlstra
3
1
Department of Cardiology, Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, NL-8011 JW Zwolle, The Netherlands
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, NL-8011 JW Zwolle, The Netherlands
3
Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Hospital Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cardiovasc. Med. 2004, 7(11), 406; https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2004.01055
Submission received: 24 August 2004 / Revised: 24 September 2004 / Accepted: 24 October 2004 / Published: 24 November 2004
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Mortality and infarct size in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be reduced by therapies influencing myocardial metabolism, such as infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK). Although several clinical trials with GIK have been performed, the effect of GIK on outcome is still uncertain. In this article a review of all randomised trials on GIK infusion in STEMI is given. Methods and Results: We identified randomised trials comparing GIK with placebo or controls in STEMI patients by electronic and manual searches. Thirteen trials were included with a total of 4992 patients. Overall, hospital mortality was lower after GIK (10.8% vs 12.9%, p = 0.02). Particularly high-dose GIK infusions were effective and if given as adjunctive to reperfusion therapy. GIK may have worse effects in patients with heart failure on admission. GIK infusion caused only mild adverse effects. Fluid overload may be a problem in certain patients. Conclusions: GIK may reduce mortality in patients with STEMI. GIK is particularly effective when a high dose is used and when administered as adjunctive to reperfusion therapy. However, definite conclusions cannot be made and additional large randomised trials are needed.
Keywords: glucose-insulin-potassium; acute myocardial infarction; reperfusion; dose; metabolism; adverse effects glucose-insulin-potassium; acute myocardial infarction; reperfusion; dose; metabolism; adverse effects

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MDPI and ACS Style

Timmer, J.R.; van der Horst, I.C.C.; Ottervanger, J.P.; van 't Hof, A.W.J.; Bilo, H.J.G.; Zijlstra, F. Myocardial Infarction and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion: An Overview. Cardiovasc. Med. 2004, 7, 406. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2004.01055

AMA Style

Timmer JR, van der Horst ICC, Ottervanger JP, van 't Hof AWJ, Bilo HJG, Zijlstra F. Myocardial Infarction and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion: An Overview. Cardiovascular Medicine. 2004; 7(11):406. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2004.01055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Timmer, Jorik R., Iwan C. C. van der Horst, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Arnoud W. J. van 't Hof, Henk J. G. Bilo, and Felix Zijlstra. 2004. "Myocardial Infarction and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion: An Overview" Cardiovascular Medicine 7, no. 11: 406. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2004.01055

APA Style

Timmer, J. R., van der Horst, I. C. C., Ottervanger, J. P., van 't Hof, A. W. J., Bilo, H. J. G., & Zijlstra, F. (2004). Myocardial Infarction and Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion: An Overview. Cardiovascular Medicine, 7(11), 406. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2004.01055

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