Schweizer Alpkäse, Alpha-Linolensäure und kardiovaskuläre Protektion
Abstract
Mythos der alpinen Langlebigkeit
Vom Mythos zu positiven Assoziationen und pathophysiologischen Mechanismen
Biochemie der Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Wirkungsmechanismen
Klinische Effekte der Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Vorteile des Alpkäse-Fett-Profils
- (a)
- Durch Biohydrierung von Alphalinolensäure im Pansenmagen der Kuh durch das Bakterium Butyriovibrio fibrisolvens entsteht konjugierte Linolsäure (CLA). CLA zeigt in vitro und im Tierversuch antiatherogene, antidiabetische und antikarzinogene Effekte [49]. Somit trägt möglicherweise der erhöhte CLA-Gehalt zum günstigen Fettsäureprofil des Alpkäses bei (Abb. 6).
- (b)
- (c)
- Der Verzicht auf Kraftfutter und die Verfütterung von Gras als ausschliessliche Futterbasis führt zu einer signifikanten Zunahme des Gesamtgehaltes an mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren (PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids) in der Milch.
- (d)
- Bei einer alleinigen Grasfütterung sinkt der Omega-6-Fettsäurengehalt der Milch, wodurch wiederum der Ratio von Omega-6 zu Omega-3 sinkt [52].
- (e)
- Die Alp-Sömmerung per se bewirkt aber unabhängig vom Omega-3-Fettsäurengehalt bzw. Alphalinolensäure-Gehalt des Futters einen zusätzlichen Anstieg der mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren, der Gesamt-Omega-3-Fettsäuren und der Alphalinolensäure in der Alpenmilch. Ursache ist eine vermehrte endogene Mobilisation von Omega-3-Fettsäuren aufgrund des Energiedefizites von alpweidenden Kühen.
- (f)
- Ein verändertes mikrobielles Pansenklima mit entsprechend anderer Stoffwechsellage [53].
Empfehlungen für die Ernährung und die Praxis
Schlussfolgerungen
Funding/Potential Competing Interests
References
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Reduktion der Triglyzeride um 20–50% | Verminderung des oxidativen Stress | Reduktion der Plättchenaggregation mit Kollagen | Verstärkung der NO-induzierten Gefäss-Relaxation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LC-Omega3-FA tägliche Dosis in g | 4 g | 4 g | 6 g | 4 g |
pro 100 g | ALA (g) |
Walnuss | 9,1 |
Haselnuss | 0,1 |
Leinsamen | 23,4 |
Erdnuss | 0 |
Butternuss | 8,7 |
Mandeln | 0,4 |
Pekannuss | 0,7 |
Pinienkerne | 0,8 |
Macadamia | 0 |
Makrele | 0,5 |
Lachs | 0,2 |
Rind | 0,2 |
Schwein | 0 |
© 2011 by the author. Attribution - Non-Commercial - NoDerivatives 4.0.
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Vontobel, J.; Stivala, S.; Winnik, S.; Beer, J.H. Schweizer Alpkäse, Alpha-Linolensäure und kardiovaskuläre Protektion. Cardiovasc. Med. 2011, 14, 205. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2011.01604
Vontobel J, Stivala S, Winnik S, Beer JH. Schweizer Alpkäse, Alpha-Linolensäure und kardiovaskuläre Protektion. Cardiovascular Medicine. 2011; 14(7):205. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2011.01604
Chicago/Turabian StyleVontobel, Jan, Simona Stivala, Stephan Winnik, and Jürg H. Beer. 2011. "Schweizer Alpkäse, Alpha-Linolensäure und kardiovaskuläre Protektion" Cardiovascular Medicine 14, no. 7: 205. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2011.01604
APA StyleVontobel, J., Stivala, S., Winnik, S., & Beer, J. H. (2011). Schweizer Alpkäse, Alpha-Linolensäure und kardiovaskuläre Protektion. Cardiovascular Medicine, 14(7), 205. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2011.01604