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Article

Health Problems, Unhealthy Behaviors and Occupational Carcinogens Exposures Among Night Shift Brazilian Workers: Results from National Health Survey, 2019

by
Fernanda de Albuquerque Melo Nogueira
1,*,
Giseli Nogueira Damacena
2,
Ubirani Barros Otero
1,
Débora Cristina de Almeida Mariano Bernardino
1,
Christiane Soares Pereira Madeira
1,
Marcia Sarpa
1 and
Celia Landmann Szwarcwald
2
1
Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância, Área Técnica Ambiente Trabalho e Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil
2
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informação e Comunicação em Saúde do Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-240, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(8), 1215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081215
Submission received: 1 July 2025 / Revised: 25 July 2025 / Accepted: 28 July 2025 / Published: 1 August 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Night shift work (NSW) has been increasingly addressed in the scientific literature, as it is considered a probable carcinogen. In this study, we investigated the association of NSW with health problems, unhealthy behaviors, and occupational carcinogens. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 47,953 workers from the 2019 National Health Survey. NSW prevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics. To investigate the associations of NSW with all study variables, gender stratified logistic regression models were used. The odds-ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: Among men, there was a significant association of NSW with sleep disorders (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17–1.65), tiredness (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.41–2.00), obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20–1.66), unhealthy food consumption (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12–1.46), handling of radioactive material (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.61–3.72), and biological material (OR = 3.18; 95% CI: 3.15–4.80). Among females, NSW was associated with the same variables except obesity, but depressive feelings (OR = 1.35 95% CI: 1.09–1.67), frequent alcohol intake (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.23–1.78), handling of chemical substances (OR = 1.54; OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.20–1.97), and passive smoking at work (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.12–1.86) were highly significant. Conclusion: Night shift workers are more vulnerable to occupational carcinogen exposure, experience greater impacts on their well-being, and are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors. These findings should be considered in managing and organizing night work in the workplace. Actions to promote healthy work environments should be encouraged to protect workers’ health.
Keywords: survey; night shift work; well-being; lifestyles; occupational carcinogens survey; night shift work; well-being; lifestyles; occupational carcinogens

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nogueira, F.d.A.M.; Damacena, G.N.; Otero, U.B.; Bernardino, D.C.d.A.M.; Madeira, C.S.P.; Sarpa, M.; Szwarcwald, C.L. Health Problems, Unhealthy Behaviors and Occupational Carcinogens Exposures Among Night Shift Brazilian Workers: Results from National Health Survey, 2019. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081215

AMA Style

Nogueira FdAM, Damacena GN, Otero UB, Bernardino DCdAM, Madeira CSP, Sarpa M, Szwarcwald CL. Health Problems, Unhealthy Behaviors and Occupational Carcinogens Exposures Among Night Shift Brazilian Workers: Results from National Health Survey, 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(8):1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081215

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nogueira, Fernanda de Albuquerque Melo, Giseli Nogueira Damacena, Ubirani Barros Otero, Débora Cristina de Almeida Mariano Bernardino, Christiane Soares Pereira Madeira, Marcia Sarpa, and Celia Landmann Szwarcwald. 2025. "Health Problems, Unhealthy Behaviors and Occupational Carcinogens Exposures Among Night Shift Brazilian Workers: Results from National Health Survey, 2019" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 8: 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081215

APA Style

Nogueira, F. d. A. M., Damacena, G. N., Otero, U. B., Bernardino, D. C. d. A. M., Madeira, C. S. P., Sarpa, M., & Szwarcwald, C. L. (2025). Health Problems, Unhealthy Behaviors and Occupational Carcinogens Exposures Among Night Shift Brazilian Workers: Results from National Health Survey, 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(8), 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081215

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