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Volume 21
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Article

Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas

by
Amanda Francisco Prado
1,*,
Paula Ribeiro Prist
2,
Luis Filipe Mucci
3 and
Patrícia Domingues de Freitas
1
1
Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
2
EcoHealth Alliance, 520 8th Avenue ste 1200, New York, NY 10018, USA
3
Taubaté Regional Lab., State Department of Health of São Paulo, Instituto Pasteur, Pça. Coronel Vitoriano, 23, Taubate 12020-020, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(5), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050609
Submission received: 21 March 2024 / Revised: 1 May 2024 / Accepted: 8 May 2024 / Published: 10 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)
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Abstract

In the Americas, wild yellow fever (WYF) is an infectious disease that is highly lethal for some non-human primate species and non-vaccinated people. Specifically, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys mosquitoes act as the major vectors. Despite transmission risk being related to vector densities, little is known about how landscape structure affects vector abundance and movement. To fill these gaps, we used vector abundance data and a model-selection approach to assess how landscape structure affects vector abundance, aiming to identify connecting elements for virus dispersion in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Our findings show that Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys abundances, in highly degraded and fragmented landscapes, are mainly affected by increases in forest cover at scales of 2.0 and 2.5 km, respectively. Fragmented landscapes provide ecological corridors for vector dispersion, which, along with high vector abundance, promotes the creation of risk areas for WYF virus spread, especially along the border with Minas Gerais state, the upper edges of the Serra do Mar, in the Serra da Cantareira, and in areas of the metropolitan regions of São Paulo and Campinas.
Keywords: Atlantic Forest; disease ecology; human health; virus; land-use change; landscape ecology; abundance modeling; risk area; connectivity Atlantic Forest; disease ecology; human health; virus; land-use change; landscape ecology; abundance modeling; risk area; connectivity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Prado, A.F.; Prist, P.R.; Mucci, L.F.; de Freitas, P.D. Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050609

AMA Style

Prado AF, Prist PR, Mucci LF, de Freitas PD. Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(5):609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050609

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prado, Amanda Francisco, Paula Ribeiro Prist, Luis Filipe Mucci, and Patrícia Domingues de Freitas. 2024. "Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 5: 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050609

APA Style

Prado, A. F., Prist, P. R., Mucci, L. F., & de Freitas, P. D. (2024). Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(5), 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050609

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