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Volume 20
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Article

Comparing Health Workforce Policy during a Major Global Health Crisis: A Critical Conceptual Debate and International Empirical Investigation

by
Ellen Kuhlmann
1,2,*,
Jean-Louis Denis
3,
Nancy Côté
4,
Gabriela Lotta
5,6 and
Stefano Neri
7
1
Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30265 Hannover, Germany
2
Sociology of Health and Health Systems, Faculty I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 1, 57068 Siegen, Germany
3
Département de Gestion, D’évaluation et de Politique de Santé École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
4
Département de Sociologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-De Koninck, 1030, Avenue des Sciences-Humaines, Bureau 3469, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
5
Department of Public Administration, Getulio Vargas Foundation, Av Nove de Julho 2029, São Paulo 01313-902, Brazil
6
Center of Metropolitan Studies, Cidade Universitária, 109, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
7
Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Via Conservatorio 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 5035; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065035
Submission received: 8 February 2023 / Revised: 7 March 2023 / Accepted: 9 March 2023 / Published: 13 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare Policy and Population Health: Unpacking the Connections)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: The health workforce is central to healthcare systems and population health, but marginal in comparative health policy. This study aims to highlight the crucial relevance of the health workforce and contribute comparative evidence to help improve the protection of healthcare workers and prevention of inequalities during a major public health crisis. Methods: Our integrated governance framework considers system, sector, organizational and socio-cultural dimensions of health workforce policy. The COVID-19 pandemic serves as the policy field and Brazil, Canada, Italy, and Germany as illustrative cases. We draw on secondary sources (literature, document analysis, public statistics, reports) and country expert information with a focus on the first COVID-19 waves until the summer of 2021. Results: Our comparative investigation illustrates the benefits of a multi-level governance approach beyond health system typologies. In the selected countries, we found similar problems and governance gaps concerning increased workplace stress, lack of mental health support, and gender and racial inequalities. Health policy across countries failed to adequately respond to the needs of HCWs, thus exacerbating inequalities during a major global health crisis. Conclusions: Comparative health workforce policy research may contribute new knowledge to improve health system resilience and population health during a crisis.
Keywords: comparative health policy; health workforce policy; health systems; social inequalities; COVID-19 pandemic; international comparison comparative health policy; health workforce policy; health systems; social inequalities; COVID-19 pandemic; international comparison

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kuhlmann, E.; Denis, J.-L.; Côté, N.; Lotta, G.; Neri, S. Comparing Health Workforce Policy during a Major Global Health Crisis: A Critical Conceptual Debate and International Empirical Investigation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065035

AMA Style

Kuhlmann E, Denis J-L, Côté N, Lotta G, Neri S. Comparing Health Workforce Policy during a Major Global Health Crisis: A Critical Conceptual Debate and International Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(6):5035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065035

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kuhlmann, Ellen, Jean-Louis Denis, Nancy Côté, Gabriela Lotta, and Stefano Neri. 2023. "Comparing Health Workforce Policy during a Major Global Health Crisis: A Critical Conceptual Debate and International Empirical Investigation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6: 5035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065035

APA Style

Kuhlmann, E., Denis, J.-L., Côté, N., Lotta, G., & Neri, S. (2023). Comparing Health Workforce Policy during a Major Global Health Crisis: A Critical Conceptual Debate and International Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 5035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065035

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