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Review

Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review

by
Alexandro Andrade
1,*,
Anderson D’Oliveira
1,
Loiane Cristina De Souza
1,
Ana Cecilia Rosatelli de Freitas Bastos
1,
Fábio Hech Dominski
2,
Luca Stabile
3 and
Giorgio Buonanno
3,4
1
Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
2
Department of Physical Education, Univille University, Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
3
Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
4
International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3506; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043506
Submission received: 20 January 2023 / Revised: 12 February 2023 / Accepted: 13 February 2023 / Published: 16 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Air Pollution on Sports and Physical Activity)
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Abstract

Atmospheric pollutants present environmental threats to health and have been investigated in different environments, such as highways, squares, parks, and gyms. These environments are frequented by older adults, who are considered fragile to the harmful impacts of pollution present in the air. The aim was to analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on the health of older adults during physical activities (PAs) through a mapping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl databases until June 2022. Of the 10,109 studies initially identified, 58 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health outcome was cardiovascular disease, followed by respiratory outcomes. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were the most investigated pollutants. Of the 75 health outcomes investigated, in 29, air pollution had harmful effects on the health of the older adults during the practice of PA, more frequently in cardiovascular diseases. In 25 outcomes, the beneficial effects of PA to the health of the older adults remained, despite exposure to high and low concentrations of pollutants, most often in terms of mental disorders. We conclude that poor air quality is a harmful factor for the health of older adults during the practice of PAs, more frequently in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, for mental-health-related outcomes (depression and cognition), in most studies, the beneficial effects of PA in older adults were maintained, even after exposure to pollutants.
Keywords: aging; exercise; evidence-based review; environment and public health aging; exercise; evidence-based review; environment and public health
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MDPI and ACS Style

Andrade, A.; D’Oliveira, A.; De Souza, L.C.; Bastos, A.C.R.d.F.; Dominski, F.H.; Stabile, L.; Buonanno, G. Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043506

AMA Style

Andrade A, D’Oliveira A, De Souza LC, Bastos ACRdF, Dominski FH, Stabile L, Buonanno G. Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrade, Alexandro, Anderson D’Oliveira, Loiane Cristina De Souza, Ana Cecilia Rosatelli de Freitas Bastos, Fábio Hech Dominski, Luca Stabile, and Giorgio Buonanno. 2023. "Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043506

APA Style

Andrade, A., D’Oliveira, A., De Souza, L. C., Bastos, A. C. R. d. F., Dominski, F. H., Stabile, L., & Buonanno, G. (2023). Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043506

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