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Article

Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil

by
Homègnon A. Ferréol Bah
1,2,*,
Nathália R. dos Santos
2,3,
Erival A. Gomes Junior
4,
Daisy O. Costa
2,3,
Victor O. Martinez
3,
Elis Macêdo Pires
2,
João V. Araújo Santana
2,
Filipe da Silva Cerqueira
2 and
José A. Menezes-Filho
1,2,3
1
Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
3
Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
4
Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(13), 6211; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136211
Submission received: 26 February 2023 / Revised: 10 June 2023 / Accepted: 19 June 2023 / Published: 23 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Toxicity, and Health Impacts of Potentially Toxic Metals)
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Abstract

Prenatal exposure to potentially toxic metals (PTM) may impair fetal growth (FG). We investigated the relationship between maternal exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) and birth weight (BW) of 74 newborns. Blood was collected during the second trimester of pregnancy to determine Pb (PbB) and Cd (CdB), while hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) were used for Mn. Samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Sociodemographic and BW data were collected from questionnaires and maternity records, respectively. The medians (P25th–P75th) of PbB, CdB, MnH, and MnTn were, respectively, 0.9 (0.5–1.8) µg/dL; 0.54 (0.1–0.8) µg/L; 0.18 (0.1–0.4) µg/g; and 0.65 (0.37–1.22) µg/g. The means (standard deviation) of birth weight according to sex were 3067 (426.3) and 3442 (431) grams, respectively, for girls and boys. MnTn presented an inverse correlation with the BW/gestational age ratio for girls (rho = −0.478; p = 0.018), suggesting the effect of sex modification. Although BW correlation with CdB was not statistically significant, hierarchical linear regression (beta = −2.08; 95% CI–4.58 to 0.41) suggested a fetotoxic effect. These results confirmed the threat PTMs may represent and the need for more extensive research to elucidate their role in inadequate FG in developing countries.
Keywords: potentially toxic metals (PTM); birth weight; fetal growth; sex-specific effect of PTMs potentially toxic metals (PTM); birth weight; fetal growth; sex-specific effect of PTMs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bah, H.A.F.; dos Santos, N.R.; Gomes Junior, E.A.; Costa, D.O.; Martinez, V.O.; Pires, E.M.; Santana, J.V.A.; Cerqueira, F.d.S.; Menezes-Filho, J.A. Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136211

AMA Style

Bah HAF, dos Santos NR, Gomes Junior EA, Costa DO, Martinez VO, Pires EM, Santana JVA, Cerqueira FdS, Menezes-Filho JA. Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(13):6211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136211

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bah, Homègnon A. Ferréol, Nathália R. dos Santos, Erival A. Gomes Junior, Daisy O. Costa, Victor O. Martinez, Elis Macêdo Pires, João V. Araújo Santana, Filipe da Silva Cerqueira, and José A. Menezes-Filho. 2023. "Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13: 6211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136211

APA Style

Bah, H. A. F., dos Santos, N. R., Gomes Junior, E. A., Costa, D. O., Martinez, V. O., Pires, E. M., Santana, J. V. A., Cerqueira, F. d. S., & Menezes-Filho, J. A. (2023). Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), 6211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136211

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