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Volume 19
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Article

Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space

by
Yuheng Mao
1,
Yichen He
2,
Tianyu Xia
1,
Haorun Xu
3,
Shuai Zhou
4 and
Jinguang Zhang
1,*
1
The College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2
Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
3
College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
4
Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095648
Submission received: 29 March 2022 / Revised: 2 May 2022 / Accepted: 4 May 2022 / Published: 6 May 2022
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Abstract

Many studies have demonstrated that outdoor physical activity positively affects the physical health of young people. Here, we aimed to examine the extent to which outdoor jogging was associated with the physical health of youths, and then to decipher whether a dose–response relationship exists between them. A total of 2852 youths from a Chinese university were enrolled in a long-term experimental study between September 2018 and September 2019. We conducted two waves of physical health tests for 2852 youths (before and after the jogging interventions in 2018 and 2019, respectively) using China’s National Student Physical Health Standard (NSPHS). Paired t-tests were used to examine statistical differences. A multiple regression model was used to evaluate the associations between jogging and physical health. The results showed that: statistically significant changes in the two waves of physical health outcomes were suggested after jogging interventions; outdoor jogging in campus green space was associated with participants’ physical health after controlling for covariates; and a dose–response relationship between jogging and physical health outcomes was revealed, with 120–140 km/year (approximately 3.43–4 km/week) being the most effective intervention dose. Our findings have implications for promoting physical health in youth groups by encouraging outdoor physical activity.
Keywords: campus green space; outdoor physical activity; physical health; activity tracker; physical activity intervention; natural experiment campus green space; outdoor physical activity; physical health; activity tracker; physical activity intervention; natural experiment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mao, Y.; He, Y.; Xia, T.; Xu, H.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, J. Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095648

AMA Style

Mao Y, He Y, Xia T, Xu H, Zhou S, Zhang J. Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095648

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mao, Yuheng, Yichen He, Tianyu Xia, Haorun Xu, Shuai Zhou, and Jinguang Zhang. 2022. "Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095648

APA Style

Mao, Y., He, Y., Xia, T., Xu, H., Zhou, S., & Zhang, J. (2022). Examining the Dose–Response Relationship between Outdoor Jogging and Physical Health of Youths: A Long-Term Experimental Study in Campus Green Space. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095648

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