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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19073927
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Article

Mechanical Differences between Men and Women during Overground Load Carriage at Self-Selected Walking Speeds

by
Kane Middleton
1,*,
Danielle Vickery-Howe
1,
Ben Dascombe
2,
Anthea Clarke
1,
Jon Wheat
3,
Jodie McClelland
4 and
Jace Drain
5
1
Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
2
Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia
3
Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
4
Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
5
Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend 3207, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3927; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073927
Submission received: 1 February 2022 / Revised: 7 March 2022 / Accepted: 21 March 2022 / Published: 25 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Physically Demanding Occupations on Worker Physiology, Performance, and Well-Being)
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Abstract

Few studies have directly compared physical responses to relative loading strategies between men and women during overground walking. This study aimed to compare gait mechanics of men and women during overground load carriage. A total of 30 participants (15 male, 15 female) completed three 10-min walking trials while carrying external loads of 0%, 20% and 40% of body mass at a self-selected walking speed. Lower-body motion and ground reaction forces were collected using a three-dimensional motion capture system and force plates, respectively. Female participants walked with a higher cadence (p = 0.002) and spent less absolute time in stance (p = 0.010) but had similar self-selected walking speed (p = 0.750), which was likely due to the female participants being shorter than the male participants. Except for ankle plantarflexion moments, there were no sex differences in spatiotemporal, kinematic, or kinetic variables (p > 0.05). Increasing loads resulted in significantly lower self-selected walking speed, greater stance time, and changes in all joint kinematics and kinetics across the gait cycle (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were few differences between sexes in walking mechanics during overground load carriage. The changes identified in this study may inform training programs to increase load carriage performance.
Keywords: walking gait; spatiotemporal; kinematics; kinetics; military walking gait; spatiotemporal; kinematics; kinetics; military

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MDPI and ACS Style

Middleton, K.; Vickery-Howe, D.; Dascombe, B.; Clarke, A.; Wheat, J.; McClelland, J.; Drain, J. Mechanical Differences between Men and Women during Overground Load Carriage at Self-Selected Walking Speeds. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073927

AMA Style

Middleton K, Vickery-Howe D, Dascombe B, Clarke A, Wheat J, McClelland J, Drain J. Mechanical Differences between Men and Women during Overground Load Carriage at Self-Selected Walking Speeds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073927

Chicago/Turabian Style

Middleton, Kane, Danielle Vickery-Howe, Ben Dascombe, Anthea Clarke, Jon Wheat, Jodie McClelland, and Jace Drain. 2022. "Mechanical Differences between Men and Women during Overground Load Carriage at Self-Selected Walking Speeds" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073927

APA Style

Middleton, K., Vickery-Howe, D., Dascombe, B., Clarke, A., Wheat, J., McClelland, J., & Drain, J. (2022). Mechanical Differences between Men and Women during Overground Load Carriage at Self-Selected Walking Speeds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073927

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