Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Procedures
2.2. Participants
2.3. Recruitment Criteria
- for men: x/y/M
- for women: x/y/K
2.4. Collection Variables
2.5. The Self-Assessment of the Respondents Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SARSS) and Davies’ Sexual Satisfaction Scale (DSSS)
- Physical sexual satisfaction—relating to the assessment of the quality of sexual contact in a relationship, the sexual abilities of the partner, and the satisfaction of their own sexual needs in a relationship. The score obtained from the examined individual was in the range of 11 to 55;
- Emotional sexual satisfaction—measures the affective feelings towards sex and the partner’s behavior as well as the feelings towards their partner. The score obtained from the examined individual was in the range of 4 to 20;
- Control-related sexual satisfaction—relates to the assessment of their own influence over how, when and if at all the person has sexual contact. The score obtained from the examined individual was in the range of 6 to 30.
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Results of the Characteristics of Women, Men and Couples Participating in the Study
3.2. Evaluation of Relationship with the Current Partner and Assessment of Own and Partner’s Physical Attractiveness
3.3. Characteristics of Partnerships and Sexual Activity during Pregnancy
3.4. The Results of Sexual Satisfaction of the Respondents during Pregnancy Based on Self-Assessment and the Davies’s Sexual Satisfaction Scale
3.5. Sources of Information about Sexual Contact during Pregnancy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Consent to participate in the study | Cack of consent for participation in the study |
Heterosexual couple with a single physiological pregnancy | complicated pregnancy (at risk of preterm labor, diabetes, arterial hypertension, placenta previa, cervical insufficiency, in vitro pregnancy) |
Treatment or diagnosis of infertility | |
First-time pregnancy, diagnosed during the first trimester of pregnancy (up to the 12th week) | Treatment of diagnosis of sexual dysfunction |
Regular gynecological visits during pregnancy, in line with the plan of care for the pregnant woman | Incorrectly completed or incomprehensible questionnaires |
Correct completion of the set of research questionnaires by people in certain pregnancy trimesters. | Significant gaps in the responses to the questionnaires |
Insufficient knowledge of the Polish language in speech and writing |
Parameter | Women | Men | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Place of residence | Village | 14 | 4 | p = 0.25 |
Urban < 100,000 citizens | 68 | 86 | p = 0.19 | |
Urban > 100,000 citizens | 18 | 10 | p = 0.43 | |
Education | Vocational education | 8 | 8 | p = 1.0 |
Secondary education | 16 | 32 | p = 0.10 | |
Higher education | 76 | 60 | p = 0.16 | |
Occupation | Blue-collar worker | 14 | 54 | p = 0.27 |
White-collar worker | 76 | 40 | p = 0.52 | |
Unemployment | 10 | 6 | p = 0.85 | |
Relationship status | Marriage | 66 | 66 | p = 1.0 |
Partnership | 34 | 34 | p = 1.0 | |
Duration of relationship (years) | 3.22 ± 0.23 | 3.80 ± 0.14 | p = 0.02 |
Factor | Women | Men | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Assessment of the relationship | 8.64 ± 0.18 | 8.84 ± 0.21 | p = 0.92 |
Assessment of own physical attractiveness | 4.88 ± 1.37 | 7.2 ± 0.14 | p = 0.00 * |
Assessment of partner’s physical attractiveness | 8.7 ± 0.16 | 9.4 ± 0.11 | p = 0.76 |
First Trimester | Second Trimester | Third Semester | p-Value of the Post Hoc Tukey Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
* p = 0.00 | * p = 0.00 | * p = 0.00 | |||||
Frequency | Women (n = 28) | Men (n = 76) | Women (n = 8) | Men (n = 100) | Women (n = 8) | Men (n = 100) | |
1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 8 | p = 0.00 a,b |
2 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 32 | p = 0.00 a,b |
3 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 60 | p = 0.00 a,b |
4 | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | p = 0.00 a,b |
First Trimester | Second Trimester | Third Semester | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women (n = 100) | Men (n = 100) | Women (n = 100) | Men (n = 100) | Women (n = 100) | Men (n = 100) | ||
Self-esteem | 7.24 | 8.82 | 5.88 | 8.78 | 5.78 | 8.58 | p = 0.05 * p = 0.99 ** |
Sexual satisfaction scale | 71.02 ± 10.66 | 73.20 ± 10.72 | 64.28 ± 8.39 | 72.64 ± 12.15 | 63.08 ± 10.55 | 72.18 ± 10.55 | p = 0.00 * p = 0.00 ** |
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Kulhawik, R.; Zborowska, K.; Grabarek, B.O.; Boroń, D.; Skrzypulec-Plinta, V.; Drosdzol-Cop, A. Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052921
Kulhawik R, Zborowska K, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Skrzypulec-Plinta V, Drosdzol-Cop A. Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052921
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulhawik, Robert, Katarzyna Zborowska, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek, Dariusz Boroń, Violetta Skrzypulec-Plinta, and Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop. 2022. "Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Partners in Each Trimester of Pregnancy in Otwock in Polish Couples" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052921