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Article

HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne

by
Annika Fraemke
1,*,
Nina Ferrari
1,2,
David Friesen
1,
Fabiola Haas
1,
Marlen Klaudius
1,
Esther Mahabir
3,
Lisa Schmidt
1 and
Christine Joisten
1
1
Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
2
Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
3
Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042442
Submission received: 30 December 2021 / Revised: 16 February 2022 / Accepted: 18 February 2022 / Published: 20 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents)
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Abstract

Juvenile obesity is associated with insulin resistance, among other comorbidities. In the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance-related diseases, including obesity and diabetes, Vitamin D deficiency is very common. Therefore, the relationship between insulin resistance, body composition, vitamin D level, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese children and youth were analyzed based on the Children’s Health InterventionaL Trial III project, Germany. Data on vitamin D levels and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices were available from 147 participants (52.4% female; 90.5% obese; 12.3 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 30.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2, BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS): 2.52 ± 0.46). Vitamin D levels correlated negatively with the HOMA index, BMI, BMI-SDS, abdominal circumference, and body fat percentage but positively with relative cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.05 in each case). In the backward stepwise linear regression analysis, body fat (in kg; β = 0.403) and vitamin D levels (β = −0.154) explained 21.0% of the variance in the HOMA index. In summary, increased body fat and lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased HOMA indices in overweight and obese children and adolescents. In order to prevent potential negative consequences, including the development of manifest Type 2 diabetes, a healthy lifestyle with a vitamin-D-enriched diet and more time spent outdoors should be promoted.
Keywords: childhood obesity; vitamin D; cardiorespiratory fitness; diabetes; HOMA index childhood obesity; vitamin D; cardiorespiratory fitness; diabetes; HOMA index

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fraemke, A.; Ferrari, N.; Friesen, D.; Haas, F.; Klaudius, M.; Mahabir, E.; Schmidt, L.; Joisten, C. HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042442

AMA Style

Fraemke A, Ferrari N, Friesen D, Haas F, Klaudius M, Mahabir E, Schmidt L, Joisten C. HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042442

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fraemke, Annika, Nina Ferrari, David Friesen, Fabiola Haas, Marlen Klaudius, Esther Mahabir, Lisa Schmidt, and Christine Joisten. 2022. "HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042442

APA Style

Fraemke, A., Ferrari, N., Friesen, D., Haas, F., Klaudius, M., Mahabir, E., Schmidt, L., & Joisten, C. (2022). HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2442. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042442

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