Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Managing Work-Related Stress among Public Safety Personnel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Coping through Education
Please let people know that mental health issues can be hereditary or environmental, it is not a person’s fault. They are not weak if they ask for help, it shows rather that they are strong enough to realize that something is wrong. Give them support, not pity or cast them out. It may make the difference between giving them the strength to go on, or to just give up and succumb.(Correctional Services, female, 1679)
And I firmly believe in education and training if you know how your brain work and what happens under stress I think it is half the battle. We never have and still don’t have any formal programs in place.(Municipal Police, male, 6779)
I was injured (OSI) in an extremely toxic and emotionally violent workplace. This was a daily occurrence over a 14 month period. Of course I was ashamed and it was hard to address/explain because it wasn’t caused by some sort of physical violence or threat of death etc. After 5 years I finally addressed it with professionals but it had already had a negative affect on my professional and personal life. I was diagnosed with MDD [Major Depressive Disorder] and Anxiety caused by violence and harassment in the workplace. More of a moral injury. Through my own research and reading and professional assistance I now have strategies in place to move on an[d] enjoy all life have to offer. I speak of my experience to others and provide insight into how one can overcome this type of injury.(RCMP, male, 1628)
3.2. Coping through Self-Reliance
Working front line police work (uniformed patrol) tends to take a toll on you more so than where I am currently working. The shift work of working both days and nights tended to wreck my sleeping habits more and affected me more mentally I would say. I am currently in a better spot where I have gotten better with my sleeping habits as well as feeling better.(Municipal Police, male, 12)
I know that my answers to a lot of the work related questions would have been different 3 years ago when I [was] working shifts, my sleep was a big issue in my life and was affecting me personally and professionally. After 16 years of shift work I was able to get into a day shift job where I am currently and my work stress and home stress has gone way down.(Municipal Police, male, 1023)
…I had a drinking problem… I answered “0” to drinks consumed per week at the present time, compared to over 80 per week about 7 months ago! Also, I used to avoid every social/ unfamiliar/ uncomfortable situation, whereas now, I face them head on.(male, 8916)
I am an introvert and being around people causes me more stress than being alone does. I deal with stress by ensuring I have enough quiet time alone. Please don’t forget that some of us are introverts and as such, being around people drains energy. Extroverts need to be around people to recharge. I need to be alone to recharge.(RCMP, female, 7260)
I am an enthusiastic trail runner and most weeks I get out at least twice to run trails and cross country through beautiful landscape for 2 or more hours each time... Along with being physically active, time spent in the natural world is essential for mental health.(Municipal Police, 1456)
3.3. Coping through Treatment
I had an experience where I … could have been killed. It took about 2 weeks before I realized I was having extreme anger issues and would have put the public and myself at risk. Self-awareness is key and I went and sought help and felt better afterwards. For some reason, even when nothing is bothering me I have random panic attacks while lying in bed about to fall asleep. I have been using sleep aids (Zopiclone) to assist in managing shift work sleep schedules since I started this job and to ensure I get a good night sleep even on days I am not working on occasion. Sleep has been the best helper at regulating mood and energy. Luckily I work for a Police Service that recognizes and has many support resources for employees to access should they need it.(Municipal Police, male, 2693).
My answers reflect me prior to medicating. My medication (~1.5g / day) reduces the reactions I have and increases my ability to sleep; but in no way is it a cure-all. Considering ALL the medications they put me on; Medical Marijuana is the only one that truly helps and without any negative side-effects. Since starting this medication I have also ceased having to need any of the other pharmaceuticals that I was previously prescribed.(Firefighter, male, 3019).
3.4. Coping through Psychotherapy
6 months ago my panic/anxiety was severe to the point I would lose my vision or be unable to move if I was stimulated by loud noises, or the wrong sound or smell. I have made significant progress because of mental health professionals, medication and family support to where I lead a fairly normal life now. I’m one of the lucky ones who had access to what they needed. Thank you for undertaking this survey.(Paramedic, male, 3713)
Also, I would be more optimistic about professional therapy if only Alberta WCB would cover such expenses. After I completed their “TPI level 3 Program” I was told “this is as good as you will be. Now learn to deal with it.” I was then instructed that “I was done with therapy. If I needed more I was to go to Alberta Mental Health.”(Firefighter, male, 3019).
I am doing a lot better now, but I also received help and talked about what was going on. There was a long time when I felt alone. I hid what was going on in my life from my wife and coworkers. I was scared what people would think about me, including my wife. My anxiety was crippling, to the point where I was scared to leave my house, there was a time when I was scared to drive. I felt trapped and couldn’t find a reasonable way out.(Peace officer, male, 1650).
I had mental health issue previously with my organization and received counselling from a psychologist and it had helped me deal with what I was going through at this time. I had taken some type of test that indicated I had mild Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, but unsure how they rate PTSD maybe in future there can be more information to patients to understand the levels. Also once I went back to work my organization didn’t do much follow up to insure that I was adjusting back at work it was like they were more concerned to get me back to work than to help me with my mental health. If you want to really help persons who have mental health injuries something has to be done to insure that first responders are cared for and the medical staff are there for the wellbeing of the patient not the employer.(RCMP, male, 5910).
I was diagnosed/treated regarding PTSD 3 months or so ago. It has made answering the questions difficult, because I was conflicted with before and after type problems in choosing my answers. I am also a combat vet, before I got into the emergency services. My PTSD is service related, and thought to be compounded by my emergency service. I have been hiding all of this for 29 years.(Firefighter, male, 912).
I was diagnosed with PTSD in June 2016 following a traumatic call for service with extensive and devastating injuries to patient. Early access to psychologist and EMDR cognitive therapy most likely saved my career and marriage. I am back at work following nearly 4 month absence working again in my full capacity.(Paramedic, male, 8126).
I am proud to state that I am a survivor of depression, anxiety and subsequently the diagnosis of PTSD and I know that it can be successfully treated and ultimately overcome. The medical system in its many outreaches has benefited me without a doubt.(Correctional Services, male, 7096).
I actively am receiving treatment for my condition, I have good and bad days, I know I will live with this for the rest of my life but after three years in therapy, I am gaining ownership of my ghosts and monsters and not the other way around!! I will win. Thank you and God bless.(Paramedic, male, 8344).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PSP Occupational Group | TOTAL |
---|---|
Call centre dispatch/operator | 26 |
Canadian Border Services | 20 |
Other (e.g., coast guard, coroner, administrative) | 12 |
Correctional work, administrative | 21 |
Correctional work, operational | 92 |
Pre-medicine (paramedic, EMR, EMT) | 146 |
Firefighter | 103 |
Other fire (fire/paramedic, volunteer, search and rescue) | 25 |
Municipal police | 142 |
Provincial police | 30 |
RCMP | 208 |
Other police (transit, special constable) | 5 |
Not specified | 8 |
Primary Theme | Secondary Theme | Tertiary Theme |
---|---|---|
“Better now” but struggled in the past | Sleeping better | |
Reduce alcohol consumption | ||
Seeking treatment and intervention | ||
Social Supports | Family and friends | PSP spouse |
Pets | Peers in similar profession | |
Peer Support | Concern about lack of confidentiality | |
Feeling needs are ignored by management | ||
Treatment | Counseling or psychology | Sleeping pills |
Medical interventions | Medicinal marijuana | |
Over the counter meds | ||
Anxiety meds | ||
Stress leave | ||
Education | Learning how the brain works | |
Hereditary nature of mental illness | ||
Talking to people | ||
Educating others | ||
Other | Being in nature | |
Spending time on their own | ||
Recharging by being around people | ||
Negative behaviours (e.g., drinking alcohol) |
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Share and Cite
Anderson, G.S.; Ricciardelli, R.; Tam-Seto, L.; Giwa, S.; Carleton, R.N. Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Managing Work-Related Stress among Public Safety Personnel. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042355
Anderson GS, Ricciardelli R, Tam-Seto L, Giwa S, Carleton RN. Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Managing Work-Related Stress among Public Safety Personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042355
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnderson, Gregory S., Rosemary Ricciardelli, Linna Tam-Seto, Sulaimon Giwa, and R. Nicholas Carleton. 2022. "Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Managing Work-Related Stress among Public Safety Personnel" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042355