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Volume 19
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Article

Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population

by
Chie Omichi
1,2,3,
Hiroshi Kadotani
1,*,
Yukiyoshi Sumi
1,
Ayaka Ubara
1,4,5,
Kohei Nishikawa
1,6,
Arichika Matsuda
1,
Yuji Ozeki
1 and
the NinJaSleep Study Group
1
1
Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan
2
Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
3
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
4
Graduate School of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
5
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellowships, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
6
Japan CBT Center, CG Building F4, 3-12 Chuo-cho, Hikone 522-0063, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112
Submission received: 8 January 2022 / Revised: 1 February 2022 / Accepted: 10 February 2022 / Published: 13 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)
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Abstract

Background: Examining the relationship between sleep and depression may be important for understanding the aetiology of affective disorders. Most studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to objectively assess sleep have been conducted using polysomnography in the laboratory. Impaired sleep continuity, including prolonged sleep latency and changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, have been reported to be associated with depression in clinical settings. Here, we aimed to use home EEG to analyse the association between sleep and depressive symptoms. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a large Japanese working population to identify the EEG parameters associated with depressive symptoms based on the results of a questionnaire survey and home EEG measurements using 1-channel (1-Ch) EEG. Results: The study included 650 Japanese patients (41.2% male, 44.7 ± 11.5 years) who underwent home EEG monitoring along with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were associated with sleep latency (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.04) and REM latency (OR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). Conclusions: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with prolonged sleep latency and reduced REM latency in a Japanese working population. The 1-Ch EEG may be a useful tool to monitor sleep and screen depression/depressive symptoms in non-clinical settings.
Keywords: electroencephalography; depression; REM; sleep latency; REM latency electroencephalography; depression; REM; sleep latency; REM latency

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MDPI and ACS Style

Omichi, C.; Kadotani, H.; Sumi, Y.; Ubara, A.; Nishikawa, K.; Matsuda, A.; Ozeki, Y.; the NinJaSleep Study Group. Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112

AMA Style

Omichi C, Kadotani H, Sumi Y, Ubara A, Nishikawa K, Matsuda A, Ozeki Y, the NinJaSleep Study Group. Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omichi, Chie, Hiroshi Kadotani, Yukiyoshi Sumi, Ayaka Ubara, Kohei Nishikawa, Arichika Matsuda, Yuji Ozeki, and the NinJaSleep Study Group. 2022. "Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112

APA Style

Omichi, C., Kadotani, H., Sumi, Y., Ubara, A., Nishikawa, K., Matsuda, A., Ozeki, Y., & the NinJaSleep Study Group. (2022). Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042112

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