Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Recruitment of Participants
2.3. Randomization Procedure
2.4. Intervention Content
2.5. Measurement Procedures Pre, during and Post the Intervention
2.6. Self-Reported Health Status
2.7. Emotional Wellbeing
2.8. General Self-Efficacy
2.9. Sleep
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Training Frequency
3.3. Self-Reported Health Status
3.4. Emotional Wellbeing
3.5. General Self-Efficacy
3.6. Sleep
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Football Group | Zumba Group | Control Group | Total | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 44.8 | 8.9 | 46.3 | 9.5 | 47.2 | 9.4 | 46.1 | 9.2 | 0.56 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.9 | 3.1 | 25.3 | 2.7 | 26.0 | 3.6 | 25.4 | 3.1 | 0.36 |
Physical activity level (1–4 scale) | 2.5 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.68 |
Self-reported health status (0–4 scale) | 2.83 | 0.79 | 2.88 | 0.73 | 2.97 | 0.76 | 2.89 | 0.75 | 0.74 |
Emotional wellbeing (0–100%) | 80.7 | 8.5 | 78.9 | 12.4 | 83.8 | 6.4 | 81.1 | 9.5 | 0.10 |
General self-efficacy (1–5 scale) | 4.01 | 0.46 | 4.04 | 0.37 | 4.09 | 0.36 | 4.05 | 0.40 | 0.71 |
Sleep problems past 3 months (0–4 scale) | |||||||||
Poor and restless sleep | 1.31 | 0.96 | 1.44 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 0.92 | 1.33 | 1.01 | 0.70 |
Problems falling asleep | 1.66 | 1.00 | 1.65 | 0.88 | 1.53 | 1.11 | 1.61 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
Woke up too early without falling asleep again | 1.43 | 1.04 | 1.50 | 0.86 | 1.29 | 0.87 | 1.41 | 0.92 | 0.65 |
Woke up several times and unable to fall asleep again | 1.77 | 0.88 | 1.74 | 0.83 | 1.53 | 0.96 | 1.68 | 0.89 | 0.48 |
Total score of sleep problems | 1.54 | 0.78 | 1.58 | 0.75 | 1.40 | 0.83 | 1.51 | 0.78 | 0.60 |
Characteristics | Within-Group Changes | Between-Group Differences | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SG | ZG | CG | SG Group vs. CG | ZG vs. CG | ||||||||
Change | 95% CI | Change | 95% CI | Change | 95% CI | Diff. | 95% CI | Sig. | Diff. | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Self-reported health (0–4 scale) | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | 0.16 | −0.07 to 0.39 | 0.30 * | 0.07 to 0.52 | 0.07 | −0.16 to 0.30 | 0.04 | −0.10 to 0.18 | 0.585 | 0.16 | 0.02 to 0.30 | 0.025 |
0–40 weeks | 0.18 | −0.07 to 0.42 | 0.34 ** | 0.11 to 0.58 | 0.00 | −0.25 to 0.26 | ||||||
Emotional wellbeing (0–100%) | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | 3.27 * | 0.58 to 5.95 | 3.30 * | 0.60 to 6.00 | 0.99 | −1.69 to 3.67 | −0.10 | −1.81 to 1.62 | 0.913 | −0.24 | −1.94 to 1.47 | 0.786 |
0–40 weeks | 2.63 (*) | −0.25 to 5.51 | 4.44 ** | 1.62 to 7.26 | 2.36 | −0.62 to 5.35 | ||||||
General self-efficacy (1–5 scale) | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | 0.15 * | 0.03 to 0.26 | −0.02 | −0.13 to 0.10 | −0.03 | −0.14 to 0.08 | 0.03 | −0.04 to 0.10 | 0.375 | 0.00 | −0.07 to 0.07 | 0.933 |
0–40 weeks | 0.02 | −0.10 to 0.15 | 0.08 | −0.05 to 0.20 | 0.04 | −0.09 to 0.17 | ||||||
Sleep problems past 3 months (0–4 scale) | ||||||||||||
Poor and restless sleep | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | −0.13 | −0.43 to 0.16 | −0.42 ** | −0.71 to −0.12 | 0.17 | −0.12 to 0.47 | −0.10 | −0.29 to 0.09 | 0.296 | −0.27 | −0.45 to −0.09 | 0.004 |
0–40 weeks | −0.37 * | −0.69 to −0.05 | −0.55 *** | −0.86 to −0.24 | −0.14 | −0.46 to 0.19 | ||||||
Problems falling asleep | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | −0.18 | −0.45 to 0.09 | −0.48 *** | −0.75 to −0.20 | −0.17 | −0.44 to 0.10 | 0.00 | −0.17 to 0.18 | 0.973 | −0.17 | −0.33 to 0.00 | 0.055 |
0–40 weeks | −0.36 * | −0.66 to −0.07 | −0.54 *** | −0.83 to −0.26 | −0.25 | −0.55 to 0.06 | ||||||
Woke up too early without falling asleep again | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | 0.08 | −0.24 to 0.39 | −0.30 (*) | −0.62 to 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.30 to 0.33 | 0.06 | −0.14 to 0.26 | 0.525 | −0.08 | −0.28 to 0.12 | 0.423 |
0–40 weeks | −0.07 | −0.41 to 0.27 | −0.22 | −0.55 to 0.11 | −0.14 | −0.50 to 0.21 | ||||||
Woke up several times with problems falling asleep again | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | −0.20 | −0.54 to 0.13 | −0.49 ** | −0.83 to −0.16 | −0.11 | −0.44 to 0.22 | 0.10 | −0.11 to 0.31 | 0.357 | −0.03 | −0.24 to 0.18 | 0.771 |
0–40 weeks | −0.22 | −0.58 to 0.14 | −0.40 * | −0.74 to −0.05 | −0.48 * | −0.85 to −0.11 | ||||||
Total score of sleep problems | ||||||||||||
0–12 weeks | −0.10 | −0.33 to 0.13 | −0.41 *** | −0.65 to −0.18 | −0.03 | −0.26 to 0.21 | 0.01 | −0.13 to 0.16 | 0.865 | −0.14 | −0.29 to 0.00 | 0.051 |
0–40 weeks | −0.24 (*) | −0.49 to 0.00 | −0.42 *** | −0.66 to −0.18 | −0.27 * | −0.52 to −0.01 |
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Barene, S.; Krustrup, P. Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031685
Barene S, Krustrup P. Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031685
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarene, Svein, and Peter Krustrup. 2022. "Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031685
APA StyleBarene, S., & Krustrup, P. (2022). Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031685