History of Sex Work Is Associated with Increased Risk of Adverse Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes in Transgender Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Question
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Independent Variable
2.2.2. Mental Health Outcome Variables
2.2.3. Substance Use Outcome Variables
2.2.4. Experiences at Drug/Alcohol Treatment Facilities
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Theoretical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Independent Variable |
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Outcome Variables |
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Covariates |
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Mental Health Outcomes | Substance Use Outcomes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Background Characteristic | n (%) | Serious Psychological Distress | Ever Had Serious Suicidal Thoughts | Ever Attempted Suicide | Ever Had More than One Suicide Attempt | Current Tobacco Use | Daily Tobacco Use | Binge Drinking | Marijuana Use | Other Illicit Drug Use | Binge Drinking + Non-Marijuana Illicit Drug Use |
Gender Identity | |||||||||||
Man/Trans Man | 7449 (29.55) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Woman/Trans Woman | 8512 (33.77) | 0.795 *** | 0.682 *** | 0.781 *** | 0.813 | 0.815 ** | 1.098 | 0.767 *** | 0.787 ** | 0.774 ** | 0.645 ** |
(0.671–0.942) | (0.544–0.856) | (0.663–0.920) | (0.623–1.062) | (0.674–0.984) | (0.861–1.401) | (0.644–0.914) | (0.655–0.946) | (0.601–0.997) | (0.453–0.920) | ||
Non-Binary/Genderqueer | 8606 (34.15) | 1.787 *** | 1.097 | 0.819 ** | 1.048 | 0.646 *** | 0.423 *** | 0.927 | 1.032 | 1.252 * | 1.231 |
(1.526–2.093) | (0.876–1.373) | (0.699–0.960) | (0.832–1.321) | (0.535–0.779) | (0.322–0.557) | (0.783–1.098) | (0.865–1.231) | (0.962–1.628) | (0.843–1.797) | ||
Cross-Dresser | 637 (2.53) | 0.331 *** | 0.184 *** | 0.179 *** | 0.314 ** | 0.696 | 1.044 | 1.342 | 0.352 *** | 0.198 *** | 0.154 *** |
(0.191–0.575) | (0.123–0.274) | (0.103–0.312) | (0.115–0.856) | (0.407–1.190) | (0.510–2.137) | (0.868–2.077) | (0.225–0.550) | (0.112–0.351) | (0.065–0.365) | ||
Sexual Orientation | |||||||||||
Heterosexual/Straight | 3041 (12.07) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Asexual | 2696 (10.70) | 2.253 *** | 1.651 *** | 1.132 | 0.939 | 0.495 *** | 0.646 * | 0.503 *** | 0.650 * | 0.753 | 0.301 *** |
(1.653–3.070) | (1.165–2.340) | (0.847–1.513) | (0.563–1.568) | (0.345–0.710) | (0.408–1.022) | (0.357–0.708) | (0.423–1.000) | (0.422–1.341) | (0.162–0.558) | ||
Bisexual | 3725 (14.78) | 1.308 * | 1.386 ** | 0.964 | 0.897 | 0.867 | 0.972 | 1.159 | 1.039 | 0.775 | 0.724 |
(0.960–1.783) | (1.015–1.895) | (0.733–1.268) | (0.548–1.469) | (0.632–1.189) | (0.653–1.447) | (0.859–1.564) | (0.787–1.371) | (0.523–1.148) | (0.423–1.239) | ||
Gay/Lesbian/Same-Gender Loving | 4228 (16.78) | 1.416 ** | 1.758 *** | 1.037 | 1.081 | 0.721 ** | 0.831 | 0.842 | 1.032 | 0.949 | 0.835 |
(1.061–1.889) | (1.339–2.307) | (0.806–1.334) | (0.686–1.704) | (0.542–0.960) | (0.581–1.190) | (0.649–1.093) | (0.778–1.371) | (0.642–1.404) | (0.494–1.412) | ||
Pansexual | 4585 (18.19) | 2.911 *** | 3.381 *** | 1.791 *** | 1.058 | 0.902 | 0.785 | 1.525 *** | 1.858 *** | 1.647 ** | 2.040 ** |
(2.175–3.896) | (2.567–4.452) | (1.380–2.323) | (0.629–1.779) | (0.687–1.185) | (0.568–1.085) | (1.149–2.023) | (1.398–2.469) | (1.074–2.525) | (1.161–3.584) | ||
Queer | 5266 (20.89) | 2.289 *** | 2.764 *** | 1.273 ** | 1.048 | 0.996 | 0.544 *** | 1.607 *** | 2.587 *** | 1.991 *** | 2.394 *** |
(1.732–3.026) | (2.129–3.588) | (1.001–1.620) | (0.669–1.641) | (0.768–1.292) | (0.394–0.751) | (1.260–2.050) | (2.028–3.300) | (1.341–2.956) | (1.385–4.141) | ||
Not Listed | 1663 (6.60) | 2.134 *** | 1.794 ** | 1.180 | 1.818 ** | 0.523 *** | 0.538 ** | 0.751 * | 1.040 | 1.261 | 1.446 |
(1.494–3.048) | (1.147–2.807) | (0.829–1.679) | (1.038–3.184) | (0.358–0.765) | (0.318–0.913) | (0.538–1.047) | (0.717–1.509) | (0.753–2.111) | (0.748–2.796) | ||
Age Group | |||||||||||
18–24 | 10,703 (42.47) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
25–44 | 10,172 (40.36) | 0.455 *** | 0.681 *** | 1.070 | 1.034 | 1.495 *** | 2.750 *** | 1.316 *** | 1.288 *** | 1.222 * | 1.130 |
(0.406–0.509) | (0.580–0.800) | (0.954–1.199) | (0.863–1.238) | (1.311–1.705) | (2.254–3.355) | (1.164–1.488) | (1.129–1.470) | (0.999–1.495) | (0.862–1.481) | ||
45–64 | 3648 (14.47) | 0.177 *** | 0.366 *** | 0.722 *** | 0.692 ** | 1.217 * | 3.226 *** | 0.812 ** | 0.632 *** | 0.564 *** | 0.430 *** |
(0.144–0.217) | (0.302–0.444) | (0.608–0.857) | (0.503–0.950) | (0.999–1.483) | (2.541–4.096) | (0.666–0.989) | (0.521–0.765) | (0.436–0.730) | (0.296–0.624) | ||
65+ | 681 (2.70) | 0.070 *** | 0.184 *** | 0.286 *** | 0.558 * | 0.445 *** | 1.378 | 0.474 *** | 0.342 *** | 0.148 *** | 0.086 *** |
(0.044–0.113) | (0.142–0.238) | (0.208–0.395) | (0.310–1.004) | (0.301–0.656) | (0.863–2.198) | (0.327–0.686) | (0.239–0.489) | (0.089–0.246) | (0.035–0.213) | ||
Marital Status | |||||||||||
Married/CU/RDP | 4577 (18.16) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 2891 (11.47) | 1.033 | 1.121 | 1.321 ** | 1.097 | 1.817 *** | 1.994 *** | 1.304 ** | 1.178 | 0.701 * | 0.716 |
(0.811–1.315) | (0.877–1.433) | (1.068–1.634) | (0.748–1.609) | (1.404–2.350) | (1.431–2.779) | (1.007–1.688) | (0.907–1.530) | (0.487–1.008) | (0.419–1.224) | ||
Never Married | 17,736 (70.37) | 2.819 *** | 1.936 *** | 1.653 *** | 1.221 | 1.588 *** | 1.124 | 1.367 *** | 1.712 *** | 1.577 *** | 1.848 *** |
(2.347–3.386) | (1.567–2.391) | (1.390–1.965) | (0.901–1.654) | (1.288–1.957) | (0.847–1.492) | (1.140–1.639) | (1.399–2.095) | (1.154–2.156) | (1.177–2.902) | ||
Census Region | |||||||||||
Northeast | 5192 (20.60) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Midwest | 5281 (20.95) | 1.068 | 0.998 | 1.210 * | 1.057 | 1.185 | 1.672 *** | 0.979 | 0.680 *** | 0.947 | 0.867 |
(0.859–1.328) | (0.752–1.324) | (0.966–1.517) | (0.703–1.591) | (0.897–1.564) | (1.213–2.306) | (0.757–1.266) | (0.515–0.897) | (0.662–1.356) | (0.575–1.308) | ||
South | 6922 (27.46) | 1.120 | 1.131 | 1.098 | 1.313 | 0.984 | 1.354 ** | 0.978 | 0.753 ** | 1.033 | 1.095 |
(0.902–1.391) | (0.867–1.474) | (0.879–1.372) | (0.900–1.917) | (0.755–1.284) | (1.006–1.822) | (0.758–1.261) | (0.581–0.977) | (0.735–1.451) | (0.668–1.796) | ||
West | 7809 (30.98) | 0.970 | 1.018 | 1.002 | 1.167 | 1.105 | 1.272 | 0.924 | 1.110 | 1.226 | 0.874 |
(0.795–1.183) | (0.783–1.323) | (0.812–1.238) | (0.772–1.764) | (0.845–1.445) | (0.928–1.743) | (0.719–1.189) | (0.873–1.411) | (0.919–1.635) | (0.595–1.283) | ||
Education Level | |||||||||||
High School or Less | 3810 (15.12) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Some College/Associate’s Degree | 11,674 (46.32) | 0.901 | 1.372 *** | 0.946 | 0.790 | 0.752 *** | 0.625 *** | 0.946 | 0.992 | 1.013 | 1.089 |
(0.762–1.066) | (1.097–1.715) | (0.796–1.124) | (0.573–1.091) | (0.623–0.906) | (0.499–0.783) | (0.779–1.150) | (0.821–1.197) | (0.779–1.319) | (0.746–1.590) | ||
Bachelor’s Degree | 6443 (25.56) | 0.536 *** | 0.974 | 0.587 *** | 0.537 *** | 0.515 *** | 0.403 *** | 1.009 | 0.858 | 0.802 | 0.843 |
(0.449–0.639) | (0.777–1.222) | (0.491–0.703) | (0.385–0.749) | (0.421–0.631) | (0.308–0.527) | (0.827–1.231) | (0.704–1.046) | (0.606–1.061) | (0.564–1.258) | ||
Graduate or Professional Degree | 3277 (13.00) | 0.308 *** | 0.706 *** | 0.462 *** | 0.528 *** | 0.339 *** | 0.245 *** | 0.698 *** | 0.650 *** | 0.586 *** | 0.522 *** |
(0.249–0.382) | (0.560–0.891) | (0.379–0.563) | (0.367–0.760) | (0.271–0.423) | (0.181–0.331) | (0.560–0.870) | (0.524–0.806) | (0.430–0.799) | (0.337–0.810) | ||
Individual Income Level | |||||||||||
No Income | 3633 (14.41) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
$1–$9999 | 7227 (28.67) | 0.776 * | 0.928 | 1.268 * | 1.274 | 1.341 * | 1.636 ** | 1.229 | 0.996 | 0.887 | 0.794 |
(0.582–1.035) | (0.538–1.599) | (0.963–1.669) | (0.817–1.986) | (0.992–1.811) | (1.103–2.427) | (0.868–1.739) | (0.716–1.387) | (0.545–1.443) | (0.381–1.651) | ||
$10,000–$24,999 | 5662 (22.46) | 0.417 *** | 0.834 | 1.029 | 1.198 | 1.749 *** | 2.540 *** | 1.559 ** | 1.060 | 0.834 | 0.878 |
(0.319–0.546) | (0.493–1.411) | (0.796–1.331) | (0.821–1.749) | (1.303–2.347) | (1.754–3.678) | (1.101–2.209) | (0.762–1.474) | (0.507–1.370) | (0.403–1.914) | ||
$25,000–$49,999 | 4172 (16.55) | 0.213 *** | 0.608 * | 0.613 *** | 0.830 | 1.178 | 1.489 ** | 1.376 * | 0.730 * | 0.575 ** | 0.710 |
(0.162–0.282) | (0.366–1.011) | (0.475–0.792) | (0.584–1.178) | (0.871–1.593) | (1.017–2.180) | (0.983–1.927) | (0.529–1.006) | (0.352–0.939) | (0.333–1.515) | ||
$50,000+ | 4510 (17.89) | 0.137 *** | 0.366 *** | 0.402 *** | 0.564 *** | 0.660 *** | 1.050 | 1.228 | 0.486 *** | 0.420 *** | 0.500 * |
(0.102–0.186) | (0.222–0.604) | (0.309–0.521) | (0.384–0.828) | (0.499–0.874) | (0.735–1.500) | (0.883–1.710) | (0.353–0.668) | (0.257–0.687) | (0.229–1.092) | ||
Employment Status | |||||||||||
Employed | 16,642 (66.03) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Unemployed | 3244 (12.87) | 2.664 *** | 1.681 ** | 1.606 *** | 1.145 | 1.084 | 0.997 | 1.024 | 1.140. | 1.512 ** | 1.421 |
(2.105–3.370) | (1.096–2.578) | (1.271–2.031) | (0.829–1.583) | (0.833–1.412) | (0.690–1.440) | (0.779–1.347) | (0.879–1.479) | (1.025–2.230) | (0.793–2.545) | ||
Out of Labor Force | 5318 (21.10) | 1.371 *** | 0.973 | 1.389 *** | 1.167 | 1.069 | 1.347 ** | 0.634 *** | 0.928 | 0.898 | 0.725 |
(1.142–1.647) | (0.781–1.212) | (1.156–1.669) | (0.814–1.673) | (0.857–1.333) | (1.023–1.773) | (0.498–0.807) | (0.751–1.146) | (0.670–1.203) | (0.463–1.135) | ||
Disability Status | |||||||||||
Not Disabled | 18,195 (72.19) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Disabled | 7009 (27.81) | 3.242 *** | 2.192 *** | 2.532 *** | 1.665 *** | 1.097 | 1.219 | 0.637 *** | 1.240 ** | 1.711 *** | 1.378 * |
(2.750–3.822) | (1.703–2.822) | (2.149–2.984) | (1.224–2.266) | (0.913–1.319) | (0.958–1.553) | (0.532–0.763) | (1.040–1.479) | (1.353–2.162) | (0.968–1.963) | ||
Race Group | |||||||||||
White | 20,645 (81.91) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Black | 705 (2.80) | 1.117 | 0.880 | 1.411 ** | 1.286 | 1.357 * | 1.242 | 1.219 | 1.699 *** | 1.347 | 1.754 * |
(0.804–1.551) | (0.620–1.251) | (1.023–1.947) | (0.672–2.462) | (0.971–1.897) | (0.792–1.947) | (0.883–1.683) | (1.239–2.329) | (0.823–2.204) | (0.913–3.367) | ||
Latino | 1303 (5.17) | 1.539 *** | 1.049 | 1.320 ** | 0.989 | 1.380 ** | 0.732 | 1.837 *** | 1.508 *** | 1.819 *** | 2.073 *** |
(1.196–1.981) | (0.721–1.526) | (1.019–1.710) | (0.643–1.521) | (1.008–1.889) | (0.431–1.241) | (1.386–2.436) | (1.139–1.996) | (1.299–2.547) | (1.366–3.148) | ||
Biracial | 1402 (5.56) | 1.818 *** | 2.734 *** | 2.555 *** | 1.418 * | 1.549 *** | 1.482 | 1.080 | 1.911 *** | 2.111 *** | 2.528 *** |
(1.392–2.374) | (2.057–3.635) | (2.004–3.257) | (0.983–2.045) | (1.126–2.132) | (0.921–2.386) | (0.784–1.487) | (1.449–2.519) | (1.404–3.172) | (1.324–4.829) | ||
Other | 1149 (4.56) | 1.324 * | 1.177 | 1.596 *** | 1.079 | 1.435 * | 1.111 | 0.761 * | 1.140 | 1.230 | 1.069 |
(0.972–1.804) | (0.763–1.816) | (1.190–2.139) | (0.698–1.668) | (0.934–2.204) | (0.588–2.101) | (0.575–1.006) | (0.829–1.569) | (0.772–1.961) | (0.672–1.701) |
Unadjusted Odds Ratios | Adjusted Odds Ratios | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No History of Sex Work | History of Sex Work | No History of Sex Work | History of Sex Work | |
Mental Health Outcomes | ||||
Serious Psychological Distress | Ref. | 1.771 *** | Ref. | 1.437 *** |
(1.455–2.156) | (1.180–1.749) | |||
Ever Had Serious Suicidal Thoughts | Ref. | 1.919 *** | Ref. | 1.669 *** |
(1.475–2.497) | (1.259–2.212) | |||
Ever Attempted Suicide | Ref. | 2.568 *** | Ref. | 2.091 *** |
(2.115–3.118) | (1.708–2.560) | |||
Ever Had More than One Suicide Attempt (n = 9868) | Ref. | 1.587 ** | Ref. | 1.423 ** |
(1.064–2.367) | (1.028–1.971) | |||
Substance Use Outcomes | ||||
Current Tobacco Use | Ref. | 2.160 *** | Ref. | 1.884 *** |
(1.762–2.647) | (1.527–2.325) | |||
Daily Tobacco Use | Ref. | 2.201 *** | Ref. | 1.945 *** |
(1.713–2.828) | (1.498–2.524) | |||
Binge Drinking | Ref. | 1.599 *** | Ref. | 1.642 *** |
(1.296–1.972) | (1.351–1.996) | |||
Marijuana Use | Ref. | 2.642 *** | Ref. | 2.319 *** |
(2.160–3.232) | (1.925–2.793) | |||
Other Illicit Drug Use | Ref. | 3.282 *** | Ref. | 2.870 *** |
(2.556–4.215) | (2.283–3.608) | |||
Binge Drinking + non-Marijuana Illicit Drug Use | Ref. | 3.922 *** | Ref. | 3.611 *** |
(2.816–5.463) | (2.706–4.819) |
Type of Sex Work | n (%) | Serious Psychological Distress | Ever Had Serious Suicidal Thoughts | Ever Attempted Suicide | Ever Had More than One Suicide Attempt | Current Tobacco Use | Daily Tobacco Use | Binge Drinking | Marijuana Use | Other Illicit Drug Use | Binge Drinking + Non-Marijuana Illicit Drug Use |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Street-Based Sex Work | 410 (15.79) | 41.185 | 80.803 | 61.687 | 77.112 | 39.812 | 23.721 | 28.671 | 38.863 | 16.053 | 7.170 |
(27.871–54.498) | (71.932–89.675) | (49.824–73.549) | (60.006–94.218) | (27.808–51.817) | (13.848–33.594) | (16.961–40.380) | (26.122–51.603) | (9.247–22.860) | (3.931–10.409) | ||
Sex Work Advertised Online | 832 (32.05) | 38.375 | 80.850. | 59.962 | 70.988 | 41.565 | 25.413 | 34.860. | 48.056 | 20.906 | 14.229 |
(28.782–47.969) | (71.986–89.715) | (49.436–70.487) | (52.234–89.743) | (31.317–51.813) | (16.659–34.166) | (25.054–44.666) | (37.061–59.052) | (13.280–28.532) | (7.054–21.404) | ||
Sex Work Advertised in Magazines/Newspapers | 110 (4.24) | 20.623 | 79.675 | 64.156 | 49.605 | 31.633 | 19.259 | 14.861 | 36.706 | 11.289 | 5.588 |
(5.655–35.591) | (64.040–95.310) | (41.793–86.520) | (7.721–91.489) | (10.496–52.770) | (2.442–36.076) | (4.799–24.923) | (13.539–59.873) | (2.885–19.693) | (0.340–10.837) | ||
Informal Sex Work through Word of Mouth | 981 (37.79) | 52.808 | 88.362 | 67.974 | 89.944 | 35.715 | 22.807 | 37.830. | 40.111 | 19.287 | 12.449 |
(42.550–63.065) | (84.244–92.479) | (60.261–75.686) | (85.584–94.304) | (27.216–44.213) | (15.932–29.682) | (28.410–47.249) | (30.718–49.504) | (12.564–26.011) | (6.429–18.469) | ||
Escort/Call Girl/Rent Boy with an Agency | 260 (10.02) | 34.222 | 76.602 | 56.106 | 83.729 | 51.717 | 33.220. | 33.277 | 44.009 | 24.609 | 14.110. |
(23.190–45.255) | (65.268–87.937) | (43.848–68.363) | (71.758–95.700) | (39.439–63.995) | (20.577–45.864) | (22.053–44.501) | (31.530–56.488) | (13.583–35.635) | (4.505–23.714) | ||
Pornography/Picture or Video | 802 (30.89) | 48.419 | 86.851 | 60.494 | 84.831 | 39.940. | 22.997 | 30.892 | 47.771 | 17.168 | 9.097 |
(39.992–56.845) | (78.730–94.972) | (51.586–69.401) | (79.685–89.978) | (31.385–48.495) | (14.558–31.437) | (24.255–37.529) | (39.358–56.185) | (12.758–21.579) | (6.029–12.166) | ||
Phone Sex | 359 (13.83) | 49.041 | 92.032 | 68.965 | 91.779 | 33.783 | 22.522 | 29.482 | 35.440. | 15.402 | 11.198 |
(30.200–67.881) | (86.741–97.324) | (54.525–83.406) | (86.193–97.366) | (18.331–49.234) | (8.781–36.264) | (14.764–44.201) | (19.625–51.256) | (4.344–26.461) | (0.511–21.885) | ||
Webcam Work | 992 (38.21) | 57.875 | 91.150. | 60.654 | 85.117 | 41.748 | 20.169 | 35.038 | 46.295 | 19.003 | 10.074 |
(50.908–64.842) | (87.197–95.103) | (53.350–67.957) | (79.962–90.272) | (34.446–49.051) | (14.943–25.395) | (28.152–41.924) | (39.087–53.504) | (14.068–23.938) | (6.941–13.206) | ||
Erotic Dancer/Stripper | 279 (10.75) | 23.457 | 69.518 | 45.049 | 75.336 | 38.746 | 14.725 | 25.937 | 31.591 | 11.890. | 3.895 |
(13.932–32.982) | (53.379–85.658) | (30.758–59.340) | (58.737–91.935) | (24.449–53.042) | (4.806–24.645) | (14.295–37.578) | (19.789–43.392) | (3.600–20.180) | (1.602–6.187) | ||
Fetish Work (Dom, Sub, Switch) | 690 (26.58) | 50.807 | 87.707 | 64.826 | 88.312 | 41.396 | 25.062 | 33.947 | 49.323 | 21.919 | 14.473 |
(41.659–59.954) | (81.776–93.638) | (55.416–74.236) | (84.027–92.597) | (32.401–50.391) | (16.515–33.610) | (24.836–43.059) | (40.165–58.482) | (13.163–30.675) | (5.680–23.265) | ||
Other | 264 (10.17) | 36.368 | 86.772 | 59.268 | 87.300. | 51.725 | 38.177 | 27.940. | 42.509 | 24.766 | 9.292 |
(24.389–48.348) | (79.528–94.015) | (46.180–72.356) | (79.501–95.100) | (38.174–65.276) | (22.996–53.358) | (17.082–38.798) | (28.072–56.946) | (8.993–40.538) | (3.348–15.236) |
Adverse Experience | No Adverse Experience | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
No History of Sex Work | 24 (11.16%) | 191 (88.84%) | 215 (100%) |
History of Sex Work | 49 (26.34%) | 137 (73.66%) | 186 (100%) |
chi2 Pr = 0.000 |
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Pandey, A.K.; Seelman, K. History of Sex Work Is Associated with Increased Risk of Adverse Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes in Transgender Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315908
Pandey AK, Seelman K. History of Sex Work Is Associated with Increased Risk of Adverse Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes in Transgender Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315908
Chicago/Turabian StylePandey, Ajay Keshav, and Kristie Seelman. 2022. "History of Sex Work Is Associated with Increased Risk of Adverse Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes in Transgender Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15908. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315908