Spatial Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Urbanization in Fragile Vegetation Areas Based on Terrain Gradient
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Terrain Gradient Classification
2.3.2. Evaluation of Ecosystem Service
2.3.3. Urbanization Assessment
2.3.4. Spatial Correlation Exploration between ESV and Urbanization
3. Results
3.1. Spatial Pattern and Variation in Ecosystem Based on Terrain Gradient
3.2. Spatial Pattern and Variation in Ecosystem Service Value Based on Terrain Gradient
3.3. Spatial Correlation between ESV and Urbanization in Shannan
4. Discussion
4.1. Relationship between TG and ESV
4.2. Response of ESV to Urbanization
4.3. Limitations and Prospects
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TG | Farm Land | Forest Land | Grassland | Water | Build-Up Land | Unused Land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 20.0 | 0.9 | 7.6 | 28.6 | - | 25.3 |
Level 2 | 7.2 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 33.3 | 6.1 |
Level 3 | −7.1 | 2.5 | 1.9 | −8.1 | 133.3 | 3.1 |
Level 4 | −15.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | −1.0 | - | 4.0 |
Level 5 | −4.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 3.9 | - | 3.9 |
TG | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 1140.66 | 1139.97 | 1139.97 | 1139.97 | 1139.97 | 1139.97 | −0.70 |
Level 2 | 3621.15 | 3616.99 | 3617.26 | 3620.84 | 3620.84 | 3604.98 | −16.17 |
Level 3 | 4629.06 | 4629.10 | 4629.19 | 4629.02 | 4629.02 | 4626.35 | −2.72 |
Level 4 | 4299.65 | 4301.09 | 4301.42 | 4301.38 | 4301.38 | 4300.53 | 0.88 |
Level 5 | 2423.31 | 2423.00 | 2423.00 | 2423.00 | 2423.00 | 2423.19 | −0.12 |
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Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Shi, Y.; Zou, Z. Spatial Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Urbanization in Fragile Vegetation Areas Based on Terrain Gradient. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215286
Zhang J, Liu Z, Shi Y, Zou Z. Spatial Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Urbanization in Fragile Vegetation Areas Based on Terrain Gradient. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215286
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Ji, Zelin Liu, Yu Shi, and Ziying Zou. 2022. "Spatial Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Urbanization in Fragile Vegetation Areas Based on Terrain Gradient" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215286