Mediation Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Burnout: Sex-Related Differences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
- “How often do you feel tired?”
- “How often are you physically exhausted?”
- “How often are you emotionally exhausted?”
- “How often do you think ‘I can’t take it anymore’?”
- “How often do you feel worn out?”
- “How often do you feel weak and susceptible to illness?”
- 7.
- “Is your work emotionally exhausting?”
- 8.
- “Do you feel burnt out because of your work?”
- 9.
- “Does your work frustrate you?”
- 10.
- “Do you feel worn out at the end of the working day?”
- 11.
- “Are you exhausted in the morning at the thought of another day at work?”
- 12.
- “Do you feel that every working hour is tiring for you?”
- 13.
- “Do you have enough energy for family and friends during leisure time?”
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PB | personal burnout; |
WB | work-related burnout; |
MS | musculoskeletal; |
LAFF | leisure activities with family or friends; |
NBSP | neck and both shoulders pain; |
BAP | both ankles pain; |
BKP | both knees pain; |
IV | independent variable; |
DV | dependent variable. |
References
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MS Pain Site | MS Pain Participants | Prevalence % | Frequency Score | Factor Loading | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | |||
Neck | 585 | 36.22 | 26.76 ± 37.64 | 0.33 | −0.02 | −0.03 |
Left shoulder | 325 | 20.12 | 15.07 ± 31.62 | 0.33 | −0.01 | −0.01 |
Right shoulder | 371 | 22.97 | 17.64 ± 33.89 | 0.33 | 0.02 | −0.07 |
Upper back | 273 | 16.90 | 12.90 ± 29.77 | 0.17 | 0.00 | −0.01 |
Waist or lower back | 451 | 27.93 | 20.20 ± 34.72 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.03 |
Left elbow | 70 | 4.33 | 3.29 ± 16.26 | −0.05 | −0.04 | −0.05 |
Right elbow | 113 | 7.00 | 5.33 ± 20.43 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.02 |
Left wrist | 77 | 4.77 | 3.72 ± 17.38 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Right wrist | 162 | 10.03 | 7.51 ± 23.66 | −0.03 | −0.03 | −0.02 |
Left hip/thigh/buttock | 67 | 4.15 | 3.12 ± 15.64 | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.01 |
Right hip/thigh/buttock | 68 | 4.21 | 3.17 ± 15.83 | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.06 |
Left knee | 80 | 4.95 | 3.78 ± 16.98 | −0.05 | −0.07 | 0.51 |
Right knee | 88 | 5.45 | 4.17 ± 18.05 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.45 |
Left ankle | 29 | 1.80 | 1.26 ± 10.10 | −0.02 | 0.49 | −0.05 |
Right ankle | 25 | 1.55 | 1.10 ± 9.58 | −0.02 | 0.54 | −0.05 |
eigenvalues | 4.93 | 1.55 | 0.68 | |||
explained variation % | 57.59 | 18.12 | 0.08 |
Survey Variables | Subjects | Subjects (%) | PB | WB | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | p | Mean ± SD | P | Mean ± SD | p | ||
Marriage state | ||||||||
Married | 779 | 169 (56.15) | 610 (46.42) | 0.003 † | 35.54 ± 17.68 | 0.240 | 31.99 ± 15.38 | <0.0001 |
Unmarried | 836 | 132 (43.85) | 704 (53.58) | 36.60 ± 18.38 | 36.29 ± 16.76 | |||
Parenthood | ||||||||
Yes | 703 | 155 (51.50) | 548 (41.70) | 0.002 † | 35.49 ± 18.51 | 0.243 | 31.47 ± 15.83 | <0.0001 |
No | 912 | 146 (48.50) | 766 (58.30) | 36.55 ± 17.68 | 36.33 ± 16.25 | |||
Exercise habit weekly | ||||||||
regular exercise weekly | 933 | 211 (70.10) | 722 (54.95) | <0.0001 † | 33.43 ± 17.18 | <0.0001 | 31.85 ± 15.95 | <0.0001 |
None regular exercise weekly | 682 | 90 (29.90) | 592 (45.05) | 39.73 ± 18.59 | 37.45 ± 16.10 | |||
Alcohol use habit in a month | ||||||||
Ever alcohol use | 609 | 157 (52.16) | 452 (34.40) | <0.0001 † | 38.47 ± 17.68 | <0.0001 | 36.40 ± 15.67 | <0.0001 |
Never alcohol use | 1006 | 144 (47.84) | 862 (65.60) | 34.65 ± 18.13 | 32.89 ± 16.45 | |||
Sleeping duration (per day) ranks | ||||||||
<6 h | 626 | 118 (39.20) | 508 (38.66) | 0.896 † | 41.07 ± 18.84 | 38.05 ± 17.01 | <0.0001 | |
>6 h | 989 | 183 (60.80) | 806 (61.34) | 32.94 ± 16.79 | 31.78 ± 15.26 | |||
Education degree | ||||||||
Master’s degree or above | 297 | 86 (28.57) | 211 (16.06) | <0.0001 † | 36.15 ± 34.08 | 0.946 | 32.41 ± 15.79 | 0.034 |
University or below university degree | 1318 | 215 (71.43) | 1103 (83.94) | 36.07 ± 18.03 | 34.62 ± 16.33 | |||
Overtime work per month | ||||||||
Experience overtime work | 561 | 112 (37.21) | 449 (34.17) | 0.315 † | 42.40 ± 18.09 | <0.0001 | 40.01 ± 15.71 | <0.0001 |
Seldom overtime work | 1054 | 189 (62.79) | 865 (65.83) | 32.73 ± 17.11 | 31.13 ± 15.68 | |||
Shift schedules | ||||||||
IRS work | 192 | 33 (10.96) | 159 (12.10) | 0.029 | 42.71 ± 18.58 | <0.0001 § | 40.94 ± 16.50 | <0.0001 § |
RS work | 196 | 24 (7.97) | 172 (13.09) | 39.44 ± 19.21 | 38.30 ± 16.73 | |||
Night shift work | 166 | 27 (8.97) | 139 (10.58) | 36.32 ± 18.96 | 35.31 ± 16.45 | |||
DS work | 1061 | 217 (72.09) | 844 (64.23) | 34.24 ± 17.22 | 32.07 ± 15.59 | |||
Profession | ||||||||
Physicians | 138 | 92 (30.56) | 46 (3.50) | <0.0001 | 41.91 ± 20.15 | <0.0001 § | 39.67 ± 17.34 | <0.0001 § |
Nurses | 613 | 26 (8.64) | 587 (44.67) | 40.37 ± 18.11 | 38.23 ± 16.26 | |||
PTs | 283 | 70 (23.26) | 213 (16.21) | 33.80 ± 17.01 | 31.95 ± 15.64 | |||
ADs | 581 | 113 (37.54) | 468 (35.62) | 31.30 ± 16.47 | 29.78 ± 14.82 | |||
Presence of chronic diseases | ||||||||
Yes | 638 | 130 (43.19) | 508 (38.66) | 0.151 † | 38.92 ± 18.14 | <0.0001 | 36.31 ± 16.57 | <0.0001 |
No | 977 | 171 (56.81) | 806 (61.34) | 34.24 ± 17.75 | 32.84 ± 15.89 |
Survey Variable | Men | Women | PB | WB | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | β | p | β | p | |
LAFF | 57.06 ± 21.84 | 56.75 ± 20.03 | 0.824 | −0.12 | <0.0001 | −0.14 | <0.0001 |
Work experience | 10.58 ± 9.03 | 10.72 ± 9.59 | 0.823 | −0.17 | 0.001 | −0.23 | <0.0001 |
NBSP | −0.17 ± 0.84 | 0.04 ± 0.93 | 0.000 | 8.25 | <0.0001 | 6.32 | <0.0001 |
BAP | 0.02 ± 0.90 | −0.01 ± 0.85 | 0.643 | 1.46 | 0.006 | 1.42 | 0.003 |
BKP | −0.04 ± 0.70 | 0.01 ± 0.78 | 0.321 | 1.98 | 0.001 | 1.31 | 0.013 |
Models | PB | WB | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | adj. R2 | Β | P | adj. R2 | |
M0 | 1.84 | 0.111 | 0.00 | 1.80 | 0.083 | 0.00 |
M1 | 2.56 | 0.030 | 0.18 | 2.52 | 0.017 | 0.18 |
M2 | 2.83 | 0.017 | 0.18 | 2.43 | 0.022 | 0.18 |
M3 | 2.86 | 0.016 | 0.18 | 2.34 | 0.027 | 0.19 |
M4 | 2.56 | 0.029 | 0.18 | 2.54 | 0.016 | 0.19 |
M5 | 0.70 | 0.522 | 0.30 | 1.12 | 0.263 | 0.27 |
Mediating Factor (NBSP) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DV | c | c′ | a | sa | b | sb | Z |
PB | 1.84 | 0.08 | 0.21 ** | 0.06 | 8.25 *** | 0.45 | 3.44 ** |
WB | 1.80 | 0.46 | 0.21 ** | 0.06 | 6.30 *** | 0.41 | 3.41 ** |
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Chen, Y.-H.; Yeh, C.-J.; Lee, C.-M.; Jong, G.-P. Mediation Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Burnout: Sex-Related Differences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912872
Chen Y-H, Yeh C-J, Lee C-M, Jong G-P. Mediation Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Burnout: Sex-Related Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912872
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yong-Hsin, Chih-Jung Yeh, Chun-Ming Lee, and Gwo-Ping Jong. 2022. "Mediation Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Burnout: Sex-Related Differences" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912872