Infant Age Moderates Associations between Infant Temperament and Maternal Technology Use during Infant Feeding and Care
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographics Questionnaire
2.2.2. Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Very Short Form
2.2.3. Maternal Distraction Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Associations between Maternal Tech Use and Infant Temperament
3.3. Infant Age Moderates Associations between Maternal Tech Use and Infant Temperament
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | % (n) or Mean (SD) |
---|---|
Infants | |
Age in weeks, mean (SD) | 16.2 (6.2) |
Sex, % (n) female | 52.4 (196) |
Mothers | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 31.5 (4.5) |
Education level | |
Did not complete high school | 1.6 (6) |
High-school degree | 9.6 (36) |
Some college or vocational degree | 42.5 (159) |
Bachelors or graduate degree | 46.3 (173) |
Marital status, % (n) married | 70.8 (264) |
Parity, % (n) primiparous | 34.1 (127) |
Annual family income level | |
<15,000 USD/year | 5.6 (21) |
15,000–<35,000 USD/year | 21.4 (80) |
35,000–<75,000 USD/year | 41.2 (154) |
>75,000 USD/year | 30.2 (113) |
Not reported | 1.6 (6) |
Race/ethnicity | |
Non-Hispanic, White | 75.1 (281) |
Non-Hispanic, Black | 7.5 (28) |
Hispanic, any race | 10.4 (39) |
Asian | 6.1 (23) |
Not reported | 0.8 (3) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative Affectivity | Orienting/Regulatory Capacity | Positive Affectivity/ Surgency | |||||||
Estimate | SE | p-Value | Estimate | SE | p-Value | Estimate | SE | p-Value | |
Intercept | 3.19 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 5.22 | 0.39 | <0.001 | 3.64 | 0.51 | <0.001 |
Mother’s age | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.93 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
Mother’s education level | |||||||||
Did not complete high school | −0.19 | 0.47 | 0.68 | −0.31 | 0.37 | 0.40 | −0.45 | 0.49 | 0.36 |
High school degree | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.47 | −0.04 | 0.14 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.99 |
Some college or vocational degree | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.26 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.62 |
Bachelors or graduate degree | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Marital status | |||||||||
Not married | −0.23 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
Married | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Parity, % (n) primiparous | |||||||||
Multiparous | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.72 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.64 |
Primiparous | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Annual family income level | |||||||||
<15,000 USD/year | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.54 | −0.09 | 0.25 | 0.72 |
15,000–<35,000 USD/year | −0.01 | 0.15 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.88 |
35,000–<75,000 USD/year | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.04 |
>75,000 USD/year | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
Non-Hispanic, White | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Non-Hispanic, Black | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.41 |
Hispanic, any race | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
Asian | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.08 | −0.34 | 0.16 | 0.03 | −0.24 | 0.21 | 0.25 |
Infant age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
Maternal technology use | 0.40 | 0.07 | <0.001 | −0.13 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.62 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative Affectivity | Orienting/Regulatory Capacity | Positive Affectivity/Surgency | |||||||
Estimate | SE | p-Value | Estimate | SE | p-Value | Estimate | SE | p-Value | |
Intercept | 1.81 | 0.71 | 0.01 | 4.36 | 0.56 | <0.001 | 2.56 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
Mother’s age | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.86 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.12 |
Mother’s education level | |||||||||
Did not complete high school | −0.14 | 0.46 | 0.77 | −0.27 | 0.37 | 0.46 | −0.40 | 0.48 | 0.41 |
High school degree | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.54 | −0.05 | 0.14 | 0.71 | −0.01 | 0.18 | 0.94 |
Some college or vocational degree | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.15 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.47 |
Bachelors or graduate degree | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Marital status | |||||||||
Not married | −0.22 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.18 |
Married | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Parity, % (n) primiparous | |||||||||
Multiparous | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.70 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.63 |
Primiparous | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Annual family income level | |||||||||
<15,000 USD/year | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.56 | −0.10 | 0.25 | 0.70 |
15,000–<35,000 USD/year | −0.04 | 0.15 | 0.79 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.50 | −0.00 | 0.15 | 0.98 |
35,000–<75,000 USD/year | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.06 |
>75,000 USD/year | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
Non-Hispanic, White | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
Non-Hispanic, Black | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.48 |
Hispanic, any race | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.97 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
Asian | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.08 | −0.33 | 0.16 | 0.03 | −0.23 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
Infant age | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.001 |
Maternal technology use | 0.91 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.04 |
Infant age × maternal technology use | −0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
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Davis, M.I.; Delfosse, C.M.; Ventura, A.K. Infant Age Moderates Associations between Infant Temperament and Maternal Technology Use during Infant Feeding and Care. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912858
Davis MI, Delfosse CM, Ventura AK. Infant Age Moderates Associations between Infant Temperament and Maternal Technology Use during Infant Feeding and Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912858
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavis, Maya I., Camille M. Delfosse, and Alison K. Ventura. 2022. "Infant Age Moderates Associations between Infant Temperament and Maternal Technology Use during Infant Feeding and Care" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912858