Enhancing Immediate Memory, Potential Learning, and Working Memory with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Memory
3.3. Learning Potential
3.4. Working Memory
4. Discussion
Limitations and Future Lines
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Group (n = 16) | Sham Group (n = 15) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 69.8 ± 3.4 | 70.13 ± 4.7 | 0.217 a |
Gender (female/male) | 8/8 | 8/7 | 0.987 b |
Years of Education | 12.25 ± 3.29 | 11.67 ± 3.3 | 0.627 a |
MMSE | 29.75 ± 0.57 | 29.86 ± 0.51 | 0.559 a |
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Satorres, E.; Meléndez, J.C.; Pitarque, A.; Real, E.; Abella, M.; Escudero, J. Enhancing Immediate Memory, Potential Learning, and Working Memory with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912716
Satorres E, Meléndez JC, Pitarque A, Real E, Abella M, Escudero J. Enhancing Immediate Memory, Potential Learning, and Working Memory with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912716
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatorres, Encarnación, Juan C. Meléndez, Alfonso Pitarque, Elena Real, Mireia Abella, and Joaquin Escudero. 2022. "Enhancing Immediate Memory, Potential Learning, and Working Memory with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Older Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912716