Great Facilitation of Thirty Years of Reforestation with Mixed Species to Ecosystem Nitrogen Accumulation in Dry-Hot Valley in the Jinsha River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Soil Nitrogen Accumulation in 0–80 cm Soil Profile
3.2. Biomass Nitrogen Storage
3.3. Total Ecosystem Nitrogen Storage
4. Discussion
4.1. Nitrogen Accumulation in the Soil Profile after 30 Years of Reforestation
4.2. Nitrogen Accumulation in Deep Soil
4.3. Biomass Nitrogen Accumulation
4.4. Nitrogen Accumulation in 30-Year-Old Plantation Ecosystem
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sites | Stand Description | Slope Aspect (°) | Slope (°) | Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dongchuan municipality, Yunnan (N26°25′12′′; E103°04′43′′) (MAT: 22 °C; MAP: 700 mm) | 9 years old plantation established with Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia confusa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Dodonaea viscosa (9 years) | NE80 | 20 | 895 |
Reference wasteland in Tuobuka (RWa) (being wasteland for over 30 years) | NE80 | 20 | 910 | |
Ningnan county, Sichuan (N27°04′15′′; 102.43′42′′) (MAT: 20–22 °C; MAP: 700–800 mm) | 10 years old plantation established with L. leucocephala and D. viscosa (10 years) | NE63 | 18 | 860 |
14 years old plantation established with L. leucocephala and D. viscosa (14 years) | NE66 | 19 | 800 | |
26 years old plantation established with L. leucocephala, E. camaldulensis and Cajanus cajan (26a years) | NE75 | 20 | 1273 | |
26 years old plantation established with L. leucocephala and C. cajan (26b years) | NE76 | 19 | 1273 | |
28 years old plantation established with L. leucocephala and Tephrosia candida (28 years) | NE60 | 17 | 840 | |
30 years old plantation established with 18 woody species, including A. confusa, Bombaxceiba, E. camaldulensis, L. leucocephala, Tamarindus indica, Trema tomentosa, C. cajan and D. viscosa(30 years) | NE70 | 18 | 805 | |
Reference wasteland near the two 26-year-old plantations (RWb) (being wasteland for over 46 years) | NE77 | 22 | 1260 | |
Reference wasteland near 10-,14-, 28-, 30-year-old plantations (RWc) (being wasteland for over 55 years) | NE35 | 21 | 821 | |
Reference natural recovery shrub grassland (RNS) (about 35 years old) | NE63 | 21 | 840 | |
Reference natural forest (RNF) (about 200 years old) | NE45 | 27 | 1230 |
Sites | Stand | pH | Carbon Stock (t ha−1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–20 cm | 20–40 cm | 40–60 cm | 60–80 cm | 0–20 cm | 20–40 cm | 40–60 cm | 60–80 cm | ||
Dongchuan municipality, Yunnan | 9 years | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 32.55 | 21.64 | 14.31 | 10.76 |
RWa | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 28.37 | 19.88 | 14.00 | 10.64 | |
Ningnan county, Sichuan | 10 years | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 33.51 | 22.70 | 16.16 | 12.00 |
14 years | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 36.95 | 24.41 | 16.68 | 12.25 | |
26a years | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 63.39 | 37.25 | 20.23 | 14.65 | |
26b years | 6.8 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 64.89 | 38.04 | 20.11 | 14.57 | |
28 years | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 46.45 | 29.48 | 19.08 | 13.24 | |
30 years | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 46.43 | 29.00 | 19.02 | 13.27 | |
RWb | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 31.43 | 22.16 | 15.63 | 11.74 | |
RWc | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 28.80 | 20.66 | 15.49 | 11.45 | |
RNS | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.7 | / | 32.62 | 23.66 | 16.35 | / | |
RNF | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 80.31 | 52.16 | 29.64 | 21.23 |
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Gong, Z.; Li, Y.; Liu, L.; Deng, S. Great Facilitation of Thirty Years of Reforestation with Mixed Species to Ecosystem Nitrogen Accumulation in Dry-Hot Valley in the Jinsha River. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912660
Gong Z, Li Y, Liu L, Deng S. Great Facilitation of Thirty Years of Reforestation with Mixed Species to Ecosystem Nitrogen Accumulation in Dry-Hot Valley in the Jinsha River. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912660
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Zhilian, Yong Li, Luqing Liu, and Shuang Deng. 2022. "Great Facilitation of Thirty Years of Reforestation with Mixed Species to Ecosystem Nitrogen Accumulation in Dry-Hot Valley in the Jinsha River" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912660