Selected Texan K-12 Educators’ Perceptions of Youth Suicide Prevention Training
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Signs and Symptoms of Youth Suicidality
1.2. Youth Suicide Prevention Training Programs
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measurement
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Objective 1
3.2. Objective 2
3.3. Objective 3
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Categories | f | % |
---|---|---|---|
Tests | Pretest | 175 | 43.8 |
Post-test | 116 | 29.0 | |
3-month | 50 | 12.5 | |
Year-end | 59 | 14.8 | |
Race/Ethnicity a | White | 98 | 24.5 |
Hispanic | 40 | 10.0 | |
Black | 37 | 9.3 | |
Gender | Female | 164 | 41.0 |
Male | 19 | 4.8 | |
Titles | Teacher | 186 | 46.5 |
Another staff b | 68 | 17.0 |
Kolmogorov– Smirnov a | Shapiro–Wilk | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statements | W | df | p | W | df | p |
Knowledge of actions to take | 0.20 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.897 | 322 | <0.001 |
Knowledge of the signs and symptoms | 0.21 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.896 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in approaching a student at risk | 0.22 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.901 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in helping a student at risk of suicide | 0.19 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.907 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in asking a student about suicide | 0.18 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.912 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in approaching a school counselor | 0.21 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.867 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in approaching an administrator | 0.22 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.874 | 322 | <0.001 |
Confidence in approaching a parent or guardian | 0.18 | 322 | <0.001 | 0.910 | 322 | <0.001 |
Statements | Tests | n | M a | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge of the actions to take when a student is at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 174 | 3.25 | 1.03 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.81 | 0.82 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.54 | 0.81 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 3.95 | 0.84 | |||
Total | 399 | 3.55 | 0.96 | |||
Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of suicide risk in students. | Pre- | 174 | 3.22 | 1.01 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.79 | 0.79 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.52 | 0.84 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 3.98 | 0.8 | |||
Total | 399 | 3.54 | 0.94 | |||
Pairwise comparisons of knowledge of actions to take when a student is at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Sample 1-Sample 2 b | H | SE | Std. H | p | Adj. p c | |
Before-3-Month | −25.911 | 17.633 | −1.469 | 0.142 | 0.85 | |
Before-After | −61.603 | 13.172 | −4.677 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −79.218 | 16.555 | −4.785 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 35.693 | 18.591 | 1.92 | 0.055 | 0.329 | |
3-Month-Year end | −53.307 | 21.123 | −2.524 | 0.012 | 0.07 | |
After-Year end | −17.615 | 17.572 | −1.002 | 0.316 | 1 | |
Pairwise comparisons of knowledge of the signs and symptoms of suicide risk in students. | ||||||
Before-3-Month | −29.899 | 17.585 | −1.7 | 0.089 | 0.534 | |
Before-After | −64.598 | 13.136 | −4.918 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −88.335 | 16.51 | −5.35 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 34.699 | 18.54 | 1.872 | 0.061 | 0.368 | |
3-Month-Year end | −58.436 | 21.066 | −2.774 | 0.006 | 0.033 * | |
After-Year end | −23.737 | 17.524 | −1.355 | 0.176 | 1 | |
Before-3-Month | −29.899 | 17.585 | −1.7 | 0.089 | 0.534 |
Statements | Tests | n | M a | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Confidence in approaching a student at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 175 | 3.01 | 1.08 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.67 | 0.81 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.54 | 0.79 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 4.02 | 0.80 | |||
Total | 400 | 3.42 | 1.01 | |||
Confidence in helping a student at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 173 | 3.02 | 1.15 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.57 | 0.86 | |||
3-month | 49 | 3.45 | 0.79 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 3.97 | 0.81 | |||
Total | 397 | 3.37 | 1.04 | |||
Confidence in asking a student about suicide. | Pre- | 175 | 2.83 | 1.17 | ||
Post- | 115 | 3.52 | 0.90 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.38 | 0.90 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 3.80 | 0.91 | |||
Total | 399 | 3.24 | 1.09 | |||
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in approaching a student at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Sample 1-Sample 2 b | H | SE | Std. H | p | Adj. p c | |
Before-3-Month | −53.564 | 17.761 | −3.016 | 0.003 | 0.015 | |
Before-After | −70.019 | 13.261 | −5.280 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −111.548 | 16.674 | −6.690 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 16.455 | 18.738 | 0.878 | 0.380 | 1.000 | |
3-Month-Year end | −57.983 | 21.290 | −2.723 | 0.006 | 0.039 * | |
After-Year end | −41.529 | 17.711 | −2.345 | 0.019 | 0.114 | |
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in helping a student at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Before-3-Month | −39.191 | 17.798 | −2.202 | 0.028 | 0.166 | |
Before-After | −55.998 | 13.198 | −4.243 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −100.330 | 16.581 | −6.051 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 16.806 | 18.738 | 0.897 | 0.370 | 1.000 | |
3-Month-Year end | −61.139 | 21.257 | −2.876 | 0.004 | 0.024 * | |
After-Year end | −44.332 | 17.587 | −2.521 | 0.012 | 0.070 | |
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in asking a student about suicide. | ||||||
Before-3-Month | −53.264 | 17.848 | −2.984 | 0.003 | 0.017 * | |
Before-After | −69.290 | 13.361 | −5.186 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −99.065 | 16.756 | −5.912 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 16.026 | 18.855 | 0.850 | 0.395 | 1.000 | |
3-Month-Year end | −45.801 | 21.395 | −2.141 | 0.032 | 0.194 | |
After-Year end | −29.776 | 17.824 | −1.671 | 0.095 | 0.569 |
Statements | Tests | n | M a | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Confidence in approaching a school counselor about a student at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 103 | 3.34 | 1.1 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.98 | 0.88 | |||
3-month | 50 | 4.02 | 0.8 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 4.34 | 0.76 | |||
Total | 328 | 3.85 | 0.99 | |||
Confidence in approaching an administrator about a student at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 103 | 3.31 | 1.13 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.88 | 0.89 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.9 | 0.84 | |||
Year-end | 59 | 4.19 | 0.82 | |||
Total | 328 | 3.76 | 1 | |||
Confidence in approaching a parent or guardian about a student at risk of suicide. | Pre- | 103 | 2.65 | 1.08 | ||
Post- | 116 | 3.43 | 0.93 | |||
3-month | 50 | 3.42 | 0.97 | |||
Year-end | 57 | 3.74 | 0.88 | |||
Total | 326 | 3.24 | 1.06 | |||
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in approaching a school counselor about a student at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Sample 1-Sample 2 b | H | SE | Std. H | p | Adj. p c | |
Before-3-Month | −52.925 | 12.264 | −4.316 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-After | −55.294 | 15.613 | −3.542 | <0.001 | 0.002 * | |
Before-Year end | −88.27 | 14.79 | −5.968 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | −2.369 | 15.325 | −0.155 | 0.877 | 1 | |
3-Month-Year end | −35.345 | 14.485 | −2.44 | 0.015 | 0.088 | |
After-Year end | −32.976 | 17.412 | −1.894 | 0.058 | 0.349 | |
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in approaching an administrator about a student at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Before-3-Month | −45.275 | 12.259 | −3.693 | <0.001 | 0.001 * | |
Before-After | −46.601 | 15.607 | −2.986 | 0.003 | 0.017 * | |
Before-Year end | −76.081 | 14.784 | −5.146 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | −1.326 | 15.319 | 0-.087 | 0.931 | 1 | |
3-Month-Year end | −30.806 | 14.479 | −2.128 | 0.033 | 0.2 | |
After-Year end | −29.48 | 17.405 | −1.694 | 0.09 | 0.542 | |
Pairwise comparisons of confidence in approaching a parent or guardian about a student at risk of suicide. | ||||||
Before-3-Month | −64.995 | 15.655 | −4.152 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-After | −66.101 | 12.297 | −5.376 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
Before-Year end | −94.515 | 14.994 | −6.304 | <0.001 | 0.000 * | |
3-Month-After | 1.106 | 15.366 | 0.072 | 0.943 | 1 | |
3-Month-Year end | −29.52 | 17.599 | −1.677 | 0.093 | 0.561 | |
After-Year end | −28.414 | 14.691 | −1.934 | 0.053 | 0.319 |
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McKoin Owens, M.; Zickafoose, A.; Wingenbach, G.; Haddad, S.; Freeny, J.; Engels, J. Selected Texan K-12 Educators’ Perceptions of Youth Suicide Prevention Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912625
McKoin Owens M, Zickafoose A, Wingenbach G, Haddad S, Freeny J, Engels J. Selected Texan K-12 Educators’ Perceptions of Youth Suicide Prevention Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912625
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcKoin Owens, Melanie, Alexis Zickafoose, Gary Wingenbach, Sana Haddad, Jamie Freeny, and Josephine Engels. 2022. "Selected Texan K-12 Educators’ Perceptions of Youth Suicide Prevention Training" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912625