Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Group Characteristics
3.2. Physical Activity Energy Expenditure (MET-h/Week)
3.3. Physical Activity Impact on the Infant’s Birth Weight and the Duration of Pregnancy
3.4. Pregnant Women’s Energy Expenditure (MET-h/Week) Impact on the Type of Labor
3.5. Pregnant Women’s Energy Expenditure (MET-h/Week) Impact on the Birth of the Child with the Birth Weight under 2500 g and before the 37th Week of Pregnancy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feature | N | % | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age | <0.000001 | ||
≤25 | 2341 | 25.6 | |
26–30 | 3371 | 36.9 | |
31–35 | 2396 | 26.2 | |
>35 | 1023 | 11.2 | |
Total | 9131 | 100.0 | |
Education | <0.000001 | ||
Primary | 580 | 6.5 | |
Secondary | 4081 | 46.0 | |
Higher | 4213 | 47.5 | |
Total | 8874 | 100.0 | |
Place of residence (inhabitants) | 0.10 | ||
City (>100,000) | 2225 | 24.7 | |
Town/city (<100,000) | 3005 | 33.3 | |
Rural area | 3784 | 42.0 | |
Total | 9014 | 100.0 | |
Social conditions | <0.000001 | ||
Very good | 2669 | 29.2 | |
Good | 5043 | 55.2 | |
Average/poor | 1425 | 15.6 | |
Total | 9137 | 100.0 | |
Economic status | <0.000001 | ||
Very good | 1190 | 13.0 | |
Good | 5402 | 59.1 | |
Average/poor | 2553 | 27.9 | |
Total | 9145 | 100.0 | |
Working status | 0.000003 | ||
Mental work | 4053 | 44.6 | |
Physical work | 2404 | 26.5 | |
Unemployed | 2164 | 23.8 | |
Studying | 462 | 5.1 | |
Total | 9083 | 100.0 | |
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 0.00014 | ||
<18.5 | 771 | 8.7 | |
18.5–24.9 | 6096 | 68.5 | |
25–29.9 | 1491 | 16.8 | |
≥30 | 543 | 6.1 | |
Total | 8901 | 100.0 | |
Method of delivery | 0.001 | ||
Vaginal | 5396 | 60.8 | |
Caesarean section | 3389 | 38.2 | |
Assisted delivery (vacuum/forceps) | 95 | 1.1 | |
Total | 8880 | 100.0 |
Physical Activity | N | Mean | Median | S.D. | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intensity | ||||||
Light | 8835 | 94.98 | 87.2 | 53.47 | 55.5 | 124.4 |
Moderate | 8814 | 55.56 | 33.7 | 67.43 | 10.6 | 75.2 |
Vigorous | 7880 | 0.97 | 0.0 | 3.42 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Total PA | 8862 | 213.48 | 193.3 | 119.22 | 135.1 | 266.5 |
Birth Weight (g) | Duration of Pregnancy (Weeks) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Physical Activity | N | Mean | S.D. | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | p-Value | R2 | N | Mean | S.D. | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | p-Value | R2 |
Total | 0.038 | ≤0.02 | 0.006 | ≤0.02 | ||||||||||
1st Tertile | 2670 | 3340.04 | 560.90 | 3030 | 3700 | 2730 | 38.88 | 1.94 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
2nd Tertile | 2717 | 3374.84 | 571.58 | 3070 | 3740 | 2778 | 39.03 | 1.83 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
3rd Tertile | 2685 | 3379.09 | 576.59 | 3080 | 3750 | 2748 | 39.03 | 1.82 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
Light | 0.001 | ≤0.02 | 0.008 | ≤0.02 | ||||||||||
1st Tertile | 2658 | 3328.92 | 565.91 | 3010 | 3700 | 2727 | 38.89 | 1.94 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
2nd Tertile | 2703 | 3384.02 | 565.79 | 3080 | 3750 | 2759 | 39.03 | 1.85 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
3rd Tertile | 2688 | 3381.88 | 575.03 | 3080 | 3750 | 2750 | 39.03 | 1.79 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
Moderate | 0.02 | ≤0.02 | 0.104 | |||||||||||
1st Tertile | 2663 | 3319.78 | 575.06 | 3000 | 3690 | 2718 | 38.90 | 1.96 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
2nd Tertile | 2686 | 3375.64 | 564.48 | 3100 | 3750 | 2752 | 39.03 | 1.84 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
3rd Tertile | 2676 | 3398.92 | 566.16 | 3100 | 3750 | 2741 | 39.01 | 1.79 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
Vigorous | 0.396 | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
1st Tertile | ||||||||||||||
2nd Tertile | 5881 | 3360.76 | 571.73 | 3060 | 3720 | 6016 | 38.94 | 1.89 | 38.0 | 40.0 | ||||
3rd Tertile | 1302 | 3390.84 | 545.88 | 3100 | 3750 | 1335 | 39.14 | 1.78 | 38.0 | 40.0 |
PA | Type of Labor | N | Mean | S.D. | Median | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | p | Epsilon2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Vaginal | 5237 | 217.6 | 122.1 | 195.9 | 137.8 | 269.0 | 0.022 | 0.001 |
Caesarean section | 3269 | 208.2 | 114.7 | 190.5 | 133.3 | 262.3 | |||
Assisted delivery | 90 | 213.4 | 122.2 | 192.7 | 142.7 | 250.9 | |||
Light | Vaginal | 5223 | 96.9 | 54.2 | 88.7 | 56.4 | 126.7 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Caesarean section | 3258 | 92.7 | 52.3 | 85.1 | 53.7 | 122.9 | |||
Assisted delivery | 90 | 84.4 | 53.7 | 69.3 | 50.9 | 106.9 | |||
Moderate | Vaginal | 5216 | 58.0 | 70.2 | 34.9 | 11.4 | 77.9 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Caesarean section | 3243 | 52.1 | 63.4 | 31.5 | 9.6 | 70.8 | |||
Assisted delivery | 90 | 53.7 | 63.3 | 36.5 | 11.4 | 69.6 | |||
Vigorous | Vaginal | 4662 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Caesarean section | 2900 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
Assisted delivery | 82 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
<2500 g | <37 t.c. | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<2500 g or <37 t.c. | Type of Physical Activity | N | Mean | S.D. | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | p-Value | Effect Size | N | Mean | S.D. | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile | p-Value | Effect Size | |
Total | 0.530 | 0.021 | −0.02 | |||||||||||||
0 | ≥ | 7596 | 213.95 | 118.19 | 136.0 | 266.2 | 7630 | 214.36 | 118.18 | 136.4 | 266.8 | |||||
1 | < | 479 | 212.45 | 130.10 | 129.4 | 268.7 | 626 | 207.07 | 128.04 | 125.3 | 263.0 | |||||
Light | 0.153 | 0.007 | −0.02 | |||||||||||||
0 | ≥ | 7576 | 95.43 | 53.09 | 56.0 | 124.3 | 7614 | 95.50 | 52.99 | 55.8 | 124.3 | |||||
1 | < | 476 | 93.67 | 59.41 | 49.1 | 128.2 | 622 | 91.00 | 57.95 | 50.4 | 123.6 | |||||
Moderate | 0.018 | −0.01 | 0.009 | −0.01 | ||||||||||||
0 | ≥ | 7554 | 55.73 | 67.27 | 10.6 | 75.3 | 7591 | 55.81 | 67.53 | 10.6 | 75.3 | |||||
1 | < | 474 | 53.01 | 69.63 | 8.0 | 71.4 | 620 | 53.18 | 69.68 | 8.0 | 73.1 | |||||
Vigorous | 0.40 | −0.01 | 0.001 | −0.02 | ||||||||||||
0 | ≥ | 6768 | 0.95 | 3.35 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6801 | 0.97 | 3.40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||
1 | < | 418 | 0.77 | 2.98 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 550 | 0.72 | 2.82 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
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Goławski, K.; Wojtyła, C. Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912541
Goławski K, Wojtyła C. Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912541
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoławski, Ksawery, and Cezary Wojtyła. 2022. "Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912541