Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sources of Information
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Inclusion Criteria
2.4. Exclusion Criteria
2.5. Study Selection Process
2.6. Data Extraction
2.7. Assessment of Methodological Quality
3. Results
3.1. Selection of the Studies
3.2. Methodological Quality
3.3. Characteristics of the Studies
3.4. Outcomes
3.5. Study Intervention
3.6. Study Results
3.6.1. Main Outcome: Global Cognition
3.6.2. Secondary Outcomes: Cognitive Domains
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Total | |
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Autor | |||||||||||||
Bisbe et al. 2020 [40] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
Zhu et al. 2022 [41] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | 6 | |
Qi et al. 2019 [42] | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 5 | |
Hars et al. 2014 [43] | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | 6 | |
Kropacova et al. 2019 [44] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | 6 | |
Franco et al. 2020 [45] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 | |
Lazarou et al. 2017 [46] | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 6 | |
Kattenstroth et al. 2013 [47] | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | 3 | |
Esmail et al. 2020 [48] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 6 | |
Hackney et al. 2015 [49] | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 4 | |
Chang et al. 2021 [50] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | 6 |
Author (Year of Publication) | Sample Size | Sex (% Female) | Age Mean (SD) | Level of Cognition and Screening Tool | Intervention Group: Type, Duration, Frequency, Intensity | Control Group: Program Carried Out | Intervention Duration and Assessments | Measuring Instrument | Main Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bisbe et al. 2020 [40] | n = 31; IG = 17; CG = 14 | 48.39 | 75.08 ± 5.38 | MMSE ≥ 24 ** | T: Choreographed aerobic dances D: 60 min F: 2 times/week I: Light to moderate intensity (<6 METS), 2–3 Pts on the Borg scale | Different motor abilities, such as strength, endurance, flexibility, balance, coordination and gait were trained, according to physiotherapeutic common practices | 12 weeks T0: Baseline T1: 12 weeks | MMSE | No significant differences were found within-group changes after the intervention. After 12 weeks p = 0.647 |
Zhu et al. 2022 [41] | n = 54 IG = 29 CG = 25 | 75.93 | 70.66 ± 7.18 | MMSE ≥ 25 * | T: Aerobic dance D: 35 min F: 3 times/week I: HRmax of 60–80% | Both the intervention and control groups received a health education program (in the form of a 120-min-long lecture) after inclusion in this study. Follow-up: participants were contacted by telephone every week to remind them about educational program highlights | 3 months T0: Baseline T1: 3 months | MMSE MoCA | 3 months of aerobic dance improves cognitive function. There was a correlation between the intervention and MoCA, as the intervention group (β [95% CI]: 0.280 [0.159, 2.361], p = 0.026). Furthermore, an increase in age was associated with a decrease in MMSE score (β [95% CI]: −0.366 [−0.151, −0.034], p = 0.002) |
Qi et al. 2019 [42] | n = 32 IG = 16 CG = 16 | 71.88 | 69.85 ± 7.15 | MMSE: 25–30; MoCA ≤ 26 ** | T: Aerobic dance D: 35 min F: 3 times/week I: HRmax of 60–80% | Received usual care | 3 months T0: Baseline T1: 3 months | MMSE MoCA | Within-group differences demonstrated that the scores of MMSE and MoCA were significantly increased in the EG (p < 0.05) compared with the baseline |
Hars et al. 2014 [43] | n = 134 IG = 66 CG = 68 | 96.27 | IG = 75 ± 8 CG = 76 ± 6 | MMSE * | T: Structured music-based multitask exercise classes (Jaques-Dalcroze eurhythmics movement method) D: 60 min. F: 1 time/week. I: not reported | The control group maintained their usual physical and social habits | 6 months T0: Baseline T1: 6 months | MMSE | Within-group analysis in MMSE scores indicated an increase in the intervention group from baseline to Month 6 (from 25.9 ± 2.7 to 26.9 ± 2.1; t-test, p = 0.004) |
Kropacova et al. 2019 [44] | n = 99 IG = 49 CG = 50 | 76.77 | IG: 69.16 ± 5.36 CG: 68.37 ± 6.10 | MoCA < 26 points *** | T: Dance movement intervention. D: 60 min. F: 3 times/week I: not reported | Life as usual | 6 months T0: Baseline T1: 6 months | MoCA | No statistically significant changes for MoCA results between groups differences at the baseline (p = 0.113) |
Franco et al. 2020 [45] | n = 71 IG = 35 CG = 36 | 91.55 | 69 ± 6.6 | MMSE ≥ 24 * | T: Senior dance D: 60 min. F:2 times/week. I: Moderate-level intensity (participants had to breathe a little harder than normal) | 1 h single educational class on strategies to prevent falls | 3 months T0: Baseline T1: 3 months | MoCA | No significant differences between intervention and control groups at 12-week follow-up in cognitive function measured by MoCA (β [95% CI]: 0.6 [−0.7, 1.8]) |
Lazarou et al. 2017 [46] | n = 129 IG = 66 CG = 63 | 78.29 | 66.8 ± 10.1 | Stage 3 of the disease according to GDS ** | T: International Ballroom Dancing. D: 60 min. F:2 times/week I: not reported | Life as usual | 10 months (40 weeks) T0 Baseline T1: 40 weeks | MMSE. MoCA | Significant improvements in MMSE after 10 months of dance intervention whereas no improvements were found for the control group. Significant differences between dance intervention and control groups (p < 0.001) |
Kattenstroth et al. 2013 [47] | n = 35 IG = 25 CG = 10 | 68.57 | 68.60 ± 1.45 | MMSE: 27 to 30 * | T: Special dance program for seniors (Agilando™). D: 60 min F: 1 times/week I: not reported | Life as usual | 6 months T0: Baseline T1: 6 months | RBANS | After 6 months of dance intervention, significant improvements in RBANS within the intervention group (p ≤ 0.001), whereas no improvements were found for the control group (p = 0.361) |
Esmail et al. 2020 [48] | n = 41 IG1 = 12 IG2= 15; CG = 14 | 75.61 | 67.48 ± 5.37 | MMSE > 24 * | T: Dance movement training D: 60 min. F: 3 times/week. I: twice a week 110% of MAP, 1 time a week 70% of MAP | Life as usual | 3 months T0: Baseline T1: 3 months | MoCA | There was no time effect (p = 0.92), group difference or interaction for the MoCA (p = 0.31) |
Hackney et al. 2015 [49] | n = 74 IG = 62 CG = 12 | 71.62 | IG = 82.3 ± 8.8; CG = 84.1 ± 7.9 | MoCA; No history of neurodegenerative Disease * | T: Tango D: 90 min. F: 4 times/week I: not reported | 90 min of health education classes, for 12 weeks, 4 times per week (20 sessions) | 3 months T0: Baseline T1: 1 week T2: 3 months T3: 6 months | MoCA | There were no significant differences between the groups ((p = 0.31)) |
Chang et al. 2021 [50] | n = 109; IG = 62; CG = 47 | 100 | EG: 76.56 ± 3.60CG: 75.94 ± 3.61 | MoCa < 26 ** | T: Square dance exercise. D: 60 min. F: 3 times/week. I: 100–140 bpm | Life as usual | 18 Weeks T0: Baseline T1: 9 weeks T2: 18 weeks | MoCA | There were significant differences for week 9 and 18 in MoCA (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively), in the control group no significant differences were evident. There were no significant differences between groups, (p = 0.096). |
Cognitive Domain | Tests |
---|---|
Overall cognitive level (global cognition) | Montreal cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [41,42,43,44,45,46,48,50] Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [40,41,42,43,45,46] Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) [40,47] |
Memory | Taylor figure test recall 3 min after copy (TCF 1) [44] Taylor figure test recall 30 min after copy (TCF 2) [44] Wechsler Memory Scale third edition: Logical memory subtest from WMS III immediate recall (WMS III: LogPam 1) [44] Wechsler Memory Scale third edition: Logical memory delayed recall after 30 min (WMS III: LogPam 2) [44] Wechsler Memory Scale third edition: Delayed Recall (WMS-III: delayed recall) [40] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale fourth edition (WAIS-4 Digit): Span forwards and backwards and Similarities [48] Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: Delayed Recall (Delayed Recall RBANS) [40] Wechsler memory scale-revised logical memory (WMS-RLM) [41,42] Forward Digit Span Task (DST) Chinese version [41] Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) of direct and deferred recall of history [46] The Brooks Spatial Task (a spatial cognition task involving memory of the placement of numbers on an orally described 4 9 4 matrix) [48] |
Attention and/or concentration | Forward Digit Span Task (DST) Chinese version [41] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale third edition (WAIS III): symbols Symbol search subtest from WAIS III [44,48] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale third edition (WAIS III): Digit span subtest from WAIS III [44,48] The paper-and-pencil non-verbal geriatric concentration test-AKT [47] Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR) [47] Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) [46] |
Executive function | Backward Digit Span Task (DST) Chinese version [41] Tower of Hanoi—3 disks (ToH 3) [44] Tower of Hanoi—4 disks (ToH 4) [44] Five-point test (FPT) [44] Trail Making Test part B (TMT B) [41,42,46,47,49,50] The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) [43] Functional and Cognitive Assessment Test (FUCAS) [46] |
Visuospatial function | Judgment of line orientation test (JLO) [40,44] Taylor figure test copy (TCF copy) [44] The Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF copy and delay recall) [46] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale third edition (WAIS-3): Substitution [48] |
Language | Letter Verbal Fluency (LVF) [40] Test F-A-S for verbal fluency (FAS) [46] Boston Naming Test (BNT) [40] Category Verbal Fluency (CVF) [40] Verbal Fluency F-A-S test (FAS) [46] |
Processing speed | Trail Making Test parts A (TMT A) [41,42,46] Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) [41,42] Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale third edition (WAIS-3): Substitution [48] |
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Vega-Ávila, G.C.; Afanador-Restrepo, D.F.; Rivas-Campo, Y.; García-Garro, P.A.; Hita-Contreras, F.; Carcelén-Fraile, M.d.C.; Castellote-Caballero, Y.; Aibar-Almazán, A. Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912230
Vega-Ávila GC, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, García-Garro PA, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MdC, Castellote-Caballero Y, Aibar-Almazán A. Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912230
Chicago/Turabian StyleVega-Ávila, Gloria Cecilia, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo, Yulieth Rivas-Campo, Patricia Alexandra García-Garro, Fidel Hita-Contreras, María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, and Agustín Aibar-Almazán. 2022. "Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912230