Assessment of Biobanking Knowledge and Attitudes towards Biospecimen Donation among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design & Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
- (i)
- The first section of the survey covers the biodata including age, gender, place of residence, experience, marital status, and general health status of each participant. It recorded whether (1) they had any previous involvement with blood or organ donation, genetic testing, and/or participation in biomedical research, (2) awareness of biobanking, and (3) attitudes toward biomedical research.
- (ii)
- The second section assessed awareness of participants’ biobanking. This section consisted of two subsections. First, the general knowledge of health care providers about biobanking was assessed and whether they were aware of the following terms: the terms “human genome project” or “biobanking”, the definition of biobanking, key terms such as consent and confidentiality, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for biobanking. The second subsection examined the medical personnel’s attitudes toward donating biospecimens to biobanks for research purposes. Questions focused on participants’ willingness to donate tissues to biobanks in general and the possible reasons for this attitude.
- (iii)
- Biobanks are the engine of biomedical research. Therefore, the focus of this third section was on the Research Attitudes Questionnaire, a reliable method for assessing general attitudes toward biomedical research [34]. It consists of 11 questions listed on a five-point Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1, “strongly disagree,” to 5, “strongly agree.” The total score is calculated by summing all the individual items, with higher scores indicating a more positive attitude.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 35 ± 9.6 | |
Gender | ||
Female | 338 | 54 |
Male | 293 | 46 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 187 | 30 |
Ever-married | 442 | 70 |
Nationality | ||
Saudi Arabian | 253 | 41 |
Non-Saudi Arabian | 371 | 59 |
Job position | ||
Consultant | 37 | 6 |
Specialist | 154 | 26 |
General practitioner | 79 | 13 |
Nurse | 272 | 45 |
Technologist/technician | 57 | 10 |
General health | ||
Excellent | 185 | 29 |
Very good | 244 | 39 |
Good | 186 | 30 |
Fair/Poor | 13 | 2 |
History of chronic disease | ||
No | 545 | 87 |
Yes | 80 | 13 |
Family history of inherited disease | ||
No | 441 | 73 |
Yes | 164 | 27 |
Previous hospitalization | ||
No | 302 | 48 |
Yes | 326 | 52 |
Previous genetic testing | ||
No | 595 | 94 |
Yes | 35 | 6 |
Previous blood testing | ||
No | 64 | 10 |
Yes | 566 | 90 |
Previous tissue testing | ||
No | 541 | 88 |
Yes | 71 | 12 |
Previous blood donation | ||
No | 368 | 58 |
Yes | 263 | 42 |
Previous tissue donation | ||
No | 606 | 96 |
Yes | 22 | 4 |
Involvement in medical research | ||
No | 448 | 73 |
Yes | 163 | 27 |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Aware of the “Human Genome Project” | 211 | 35 |
Aware of the term “Biobank” | 209 | 34 |
The purpose of a biobank is to collect and store biospecimens for diagnosis, treatment, and research purposes | 284 | 45 |
According to modern biobanking, biospecimens are samples and/or biomolecules with annotated clinical, socioeconomic, and lifestyle data | 166 | 27 |
Donating a biospecimen to a biobank requires signing a consent form | 498 | 80 |
There is a standard operating procedure for biobanks to collect, process, store, and release biospecimens | 383 | 61 |
Biospecimen annotated data will be kept confidential and anonymous | 428 | 69 |
Strongly Agree n (%) | Agree n (%) | Neutral n (%) | Disagree n (%) | Strongly Disagree n (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive view of medical research | 241 (38) | 228 (36) | 142 (23) | 15 (2.5) | 3 (0.5) |
Medical researchers are mainly motivated by personal gain | 94 (15) | 204 (33) | 204 (33) | 87 (14) | 35 (5) |
Medical researchers can be trusted to protect by volunteering for medical research | 141 (23) | 263 (42.5) | 192 (31) | 21 (3) | 3 (0.5) |
Responsibility to help others by volunteering for medical research | 155 (25) | 255 (41) | 173 (28) | 35 (5) | 7 (1) |
Modern science does more harm than good | 44 (7) | 144 (23) | 218 (35) | 152 (25) | 63 (10) |
Society needs to devote more resources to medical research | 142 (23) | 260 (42) | 191 (30.5) | 24 (4) | 2 (0.5) |
Medical research needs to be closely regulated in order to prevent harm to research participants | 200 (32) | 248 (40) | 155 (25) | 16 (2.5) | 2 (0.5) |
Participating in medical research is generally safe | 99 (16) | 215 (34.5) | 259 (42) | 43 (7) | 3 (0.5) |
If I volunteer for medical research, I know my personal information will be kept safe and confidential | 153 (24.5) | 235 (38) | 201 (32) | 32 (5) | 4 (0.5) |
A lot of emphasis on medical research and scientific progress is likely to harm research volunteers | 47 (7) | 161 (26) | 254 (41) | 128 (21) | 31 (5) |
Medical research will find cures for many major diseases during my lifetime | 130 (21) | 265 (42) | 193 (31) | 31 (5) | 6 (1) |
Variables | Not Willing to Donate | Willing to Donate | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Gender | |||
Female | 239 (74) | 84 (26) | <0.001 |
Male | 166 (60) | 112 (40) | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 118 (67) | 57 (33) | 0.995 |
Ever-married | 286 (67) | 138 (33) | |
Nationality | |||
Saudi | 150 (64) | 83 (36) | 0.244 |
Non-Saudi | 249 (69) | 112 (31) | |
Job position | |||
Consultant | 14 (40) | 21 (60) | <0.001 |
Specialist | 80 (54) | 67 (46) | |
General practitioner | 55 (71) | 22 (29) | |
Nurse | 205 (79) | 53 (21) | |
Technologist/technician | 34 (64) | 19 (36) | |
General health | |||
Excellent | 106 (60) | 70 (40) | 0.014 |
Very good | 167 (72) | 65 (28) | |
Good | 127 (72) | 50 (28) | |
Fair/Poor | 6 (46) | 7 (54) | |
History of chronic disease | |||
No | 358 (69) | 162 (31) | 0.111 |
Yes | 46 (60) | 31 (40) | |
Family history of inherited disease | |||
No | 277 (66) | 140 (34) | 0.698 |
Yes | 109 (68) | 51 (32) | |
Previous hospitalization | |||
No | 205 (69) | 90 (31) | 0.377 |
Yes | 201 (66) | 103 (34) | |
Previous genetic testing | |||
No | 392 (68) | 183 (32) | 0.127 |
Yes | 14 (54) | 12 (46) | |
Previous blood testing | |||
No | 56 (93) | 4 (7) | <0.001 |
Yes | 353 (65) | 188 (35) | |
Previous tissue testing | |||
No | 358 (70) | 155 (30) | <0.001 |
Yes | 34 (49) | 36 (51) | |
Previous blood donation | |||
No | 265 (74) | 93 (26) | <0.001 |
Yes | 143 (59) | 101 (41) | |
Previous tissue donation | |||
No | 400 (68) | 184 (32) | 0.018 |
Yes | 7 (41) | 10 (59) | |
Involvement in medical research | |||
No | 309 (72) | 122 (28) | 0.001 |
Yes | 86 (57) | 66 (43) | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 34.7 ± 9.5 | 36.1 ± 10.1 | 0.095 |
Biobanking knowledge score (mean ± SD) | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
Biomedical research attitude score (mean ± SD) | 36.0 ± 3.3 | 39.7 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
Variables | OR | SE | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Job position (technologist/technician = reference) | ||||
Nurse | 0.43 | 0.13 | (0.24, 0.78) | 0.004 |
General practitioner | 0.37 | 0.14 | (0.18, 0.78) | 0.009 |
General health (fair/poor = reference) | ||||
Excellent | 1.88 | 0.50 | (1.12, 3.18) | 0.017 |
Previous blood testing (no = reference) | ||||
Yes | 4.83 | 3.76 | (1.05, 22.2) | 0.043 |
Biobanking knowledge score | 1.25 | 0.10 | (1.07, 1.46) | 0.005 |
Biomedical research attitude score | 1.20 | 0.04 | (1.13, 1.28) | <0.011 |
Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Reasons for willing to donate (n = 196) | ||
The biobank will advance medical research and benefit society and future generations | 153 | 84 |
My family and I will benefit | 62 | 34 |
I could be notified about abnormal results | 72 | 40 |
Samples will already be collected as part of my medical care | 40 | 22 |
Biobanks are already established as the core facility of biomedical research in developed countries | 51 | 28 |
Reasons for not willing to donate (n = 410) | ||
Concern about the misuse of biospecimen in biomedical research | 106 | 32 |
Concern about discovering genetic predispositions to some diseases | 70 | 21 |
Concern about confidentiality | 89 | 27 |
Concern that genetic information may be used for discriminatory purposes | 51 | 15 |
Concern that biospecimen may be used for commercial purposes | 83 | 25 |
Fear of needles/injections | 73 | 22 |
Religious reasons | 56 | 17 |
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Buhmeida, A.; Assidi, M.; Alyazidi, O.; Olwi, D.I.; Althuwaylimi, A.; Yahya, F.M.; Arfaoui, L.; Merdad, L.; Abuzenadah, A.M. Assessment of Biobanking Knowledge and Attitudes towards Biospecimen Donation among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911872
Buhmeida A, Assidi M, Alyazidi O, Olwi DI, Althuwaylimi A, Yahya FM, Arfaoui L, Merdad L, Abuzenadah AM. Assessment of Biobanking Knowledge and Attitudes towards Biospecimen Donation among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911872
Chicago/Turabian StyleBuhmeida, Abdelbaset, Mourad Assidi, Omar Alyazidi, Duaa Ibrahim Olwi, Ahmed Althuwaylimi, Fatimah M. Yahya, Leila Arfaoui, Leena Merdad, and Adel Mohammad Abuzenadah. 2022. "Assessment of Biobanking Knowledge and Attitudes towards Biospecimen Donation among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911872