Effects of an Online Supervised Exercise Training in Children with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Anthropometric Characteristics
2.3. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)
2.4. Children’s Effort Rating Table
2.5. Physical Fitness Tests
2.6. Standing Broad Jump (SBJ)
2.7. 6 Min Walking Test (6MWT)
2.8. 5 × 10 m Sprint Test
2.9. Training Protocol
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Warm-Up (5–10 min) | Aerobic Interval Training (20 min) | Muscular Strength (20 min) | Cool-Down (5–10 min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of exercises | Mobility exercises (e.g.,. head, lower and upper body mobility routine) | Motor tales (e.g., “a journey through the woods”, children imagined being in the woods completing different tasks, which included different aerobic activities (run, jumping, march …) | Strength circuit for children (e.g., semi-squat, push-up, glute bridge, triceps dip … all exercises were performed free weight) | Yoga for children (e.g., child pose, reverse warrior, cobra pose, seated forward fold, corpse pose …) |
Active music video (the music video was performed by children imitating the dancers) | Animal walks (e.g., bear crawl, frog jump, bunny hop, dinosaur walk) | Imitation games (e.g., imitation of multiple sport techniques and gestures) | ||
Intensity | 4–5 CERT | 7–8 CERT | 7–8 CERT | 3–4 CERT |
Before TP | After TP | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Weight -kilograms (kg) -percentiles § | 65.74 ±17.88 97.18 ± 3.58 | 65.80 ± 15.77 97.20 ± 4.0 | 0.78 0.96 |
Height -meters -percentiles § | 1.49 ± 0.10 50.90 ± 31.38 | 1.51 ± 0.11 59.70 ± 32.06 | 0.36 0.28 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 90.54 ± 11.21 | 88.22 ±10.86 | 0.027 * |
WHtR | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.005 * |
BMI | 28.74 ± 4.10 | 28.50 ± 3.55 | >0.05 |
-BMI z-score -percentiles § | 2.20 ± 0.22 99.37 ± 0.89 | 2.16 ± 0.25 98.89 ± 1.86 | 0.006 ** 0.19 |
Before | After | p-Value | Effect Size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SBJ (cm) | 99.29 ± 20.16 | 109.29 ± 22.84 | <0.001 *** | 0.853 |
6MWT (m) | 479.50 ± 61.11 | 534 ± 61.08 | <0.001 *** | 1.08 |
5 × 10 m (s) | 19.91 ± 2.45 | 18.93 ± 1.91 | 0.014 * | 0.496 |
Before | After | p-Value | Effect Size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CERT 6MWT | 4.00 (3.00–6.00; 3) | 5.00 (2.75–6.25; 3.50) | 0.638 | 0.080 |
CERT 5 × 10 m | 5.00 (4.00–7.00; 3.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00; 3.00) | 0.245 | 0.184 |
PAQ-C | 1.97 (1.65–2.24; 0.585) | 2.27 (1.78–2.59; 0.810) | 0.050 * | 0.400 |
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Vandoni, M.; Carnevale Pellino, V.; Gatti, A.; Lucini, D.; Mannarino, S.; Larizza, C.; Rossi, V.; Tranfaglia, V.; Pirazzi, A.; Biino, V.; et al. Effects of an Online Supervised Exercise Training in Children with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159421
Vandoni M, Carnevale Pellino V, Gatti A, Lucini D, Mannarino S, Larizza C, Rossi V, Tranfaglia V, Pirazzi A, Biino V, et al. Effects of an Online Supervised Exercise Training in Children with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159421
Chicago/Turabian StyleVandoni, Matteo, Vittoria Carnevale Pellino, Alessandro Gatti, Daniela Lucini, Savina Mannarino, Cristiana Larizza, Virginia Rossi, Valeria Tranfaglia, Agnese Pirazzi, Valentina Biino, and et al. 2022. "Effects of an Online Supervised Exercise Training in Children with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9421. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159421