Highly Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Mesoporous Zr-Containing Hybrids with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid as a Ligand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid-Derived Zr-Hybrids
2.3. Characterization
2.4. MPV Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization Results
3.2. MPV Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol
3.3. Catalyst Recyclability
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Surface Area a (m2/g) | Pore Volume b (cm3/g) | Pore Width (nm) c | Zr Content (wt%) d | BA e Content (μmol/g) | LA f Content (μmol/g) | BA + LA (μmol/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
meso-Zr-SA7.5 | 281.9 | 0.49 | 6.4 | 35.5 | 6.6 | 47.9 | 54.5 |
meso-Zr-SA15 | 319.5 | 0.74 | 10.9 | 35.9 | 8.9 | 52.6 | 61.5 |
meso-Zr-SA22.5 | 291.3 | 0.70 | 10.9 | 37.5 | 9.5 | 53.3 | 62.8 |
Zr-SA15 | 28.1 | 0.02 | 3.7 | 36.3 | 5.6 | 44.9 | 50.5 |
Entry | Catalyst | Time (h) | Furfural Conversion (%) | Furfuryl Alcohol Yield (%) | Furfuryl Alcohol Selectivity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | meso-Zr-SA15 a | 1 | 90.9 | 87.0 | 95.7 |
2 | meso-Zr-SA15 a | 2 | 98.9 | 97.8 | 98.9 |
3 | meso-Zr-SA15 a | 3 | 99.8 | 96.4 | 96.6 |
4 | nano-ZrO2 a | 2 | 27.2 | 4.9 | 17.7 |
5 | Zr-SA15 a | 2 | 35.9 | 1.1 | 3.1 |
6 | blank | 2 | 20.1 | 0 | 0 |
Catalysts | Reductant | Reaction Conditions | Maximum Furfuryl Alcohol Yield | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
meso-Zr-SA15 | 2-propanol | 110 °C, 2 h | 97.8% | This work |
MOF (UiO-66) | 2-propanol | 140 °C, 5 h | 97% | [13] |
MOF (MOF-808) | 2-propanol | 140 °C, 5 h | 89% | [13] |
Zirconium-alizarin hybrid | 2-propanol | 100 °C, 2 h | 88.3 | [46] |
Zr-furandicarboxylate hybrid | 2-propanol | 140 °C, 4 h | 96% | [16] |
Zr-furandicarboxylate hybrid | 2-propanol | 150 °C, 3 h | 99% | [47] |
Zr-phosphonate hybrid | 2-butanol | 130 °C, 3 h | 98% | [48] |
Zr-phytic acid hybrid | 2-propanol | 100 °C, 2 h | 99.3% | [14] |
Zr-thiophenedicarboxylate hybrid | 2-propanol | 120 °C, 4 h | 92.2% | [23] |
Zr-tannin hybrid | 2-propanol | 80 °C, 3 h | 91.2% | [18] |
Ni0.5@OMC-600 | hydrogen | 3 MPa H2, 180 °C, 4 h | 98% | [37] |
Ni@OMC | hydrogen | 3 MPa H2, 180 °C, 12 h | 91% | [31] |
Zeolite-encapsulated Cu nanoparticles | hydrogen | 1 MPa H2, 110 °C, 2 h | 91.2% | [49] |
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Yang, J.; Guo, H.; Shen, F. Highly Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Mesoporous Zr-Containing Hybrids with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid as a Ligand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159221
Yang J, Guo H, Shen F. Highly Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Mesoporous Zr-Containing Hybrids with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid as a Ligand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159221
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jirui, Haixin Guo, and Feng Shen. 2022. "Highly Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Mesoporous Zr-Containing Hybrids with 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid as a Ligand" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159221