Study on Spatiotemporal Variation Pattern of Vegetation Coverage on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Analysis of Its Climate Driving Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Pre-Processing
2.2.1. NDVI Data
2.2.2. Climatic and Auxiliary Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. ESTARFM Spatiotemporal Fusion Algorithm
Algorithm 1: Pseudocode of the ESTARFM |
Input: two fine-resolution images at and , three coarse-resolution images at , and |
Output: fine-resolution image at |
1: If : |
2: |
3: Then 4: |
5: Check convergence |
6: |
7: Compute average absolute difference (AAD) and average absolute (AD) |
2.3.2. The Calculation of Vegetation Coverage
2.3.3. Linear Regression Analysis
2.3.4. Hurst Index
2.3.5. Partial Correlation Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Data Fusion
3.2. Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Characteristics
3.3. Impact of the Topographic on Vegetation Coverage
3.4. Link between Climate Change and Vegetation Coverage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zones | Codes | Average Vegetation Coverage | Value(%) of 1990–2015 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | |||
Warm temperate shrubbery, semi-shrubbery, and bare land zone | VIIBiib | 0.17 | 0.13 | −0.87 |
Southern temperate sylvosteppe zone | VIAiia | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.45 |
Southern temperate desert steppe sub-zone | VIAiic | 0.75 | 0.8 | 1.03 |
Alpine steppe zone | VIIIBi | 0.39 | 0.36 | −0.84 |
Alpine shrub and meadow zone | VIIIAi | 0.89 | 0.9 | 0.19 |
Alpine meadow zone | VIIIAii | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
Cold temperate coniferous forest zone in subtropical mountain | IVBiii | 0.8 | 0.81 | 0.2 |
Warm temperate shrub, semi-shrub and desert sub−zone | VIIBiia | 0.3 | 0.29 | −0.38 |
Alpine desert zone | VIIICi | 0.21 | 0.18 | −0.88 |
Temperate desert zone | VIIICii | 0.3 | 0.25 | −1.08 |
Temperate steppe zone | VIIIBii | 0.53 | 0.49 | −0.92 |
Mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone | IVBi | 0.99 | 0.98 | −0.24 |
North tropical seasonal rain forest, semi evergreen season | VBi | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.1 |
Northern mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest sub-zone | IVAiia | 0.95 | 0.94 | −0.35 |
Northern subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved zone | IVAi | 0.98 | 0.98 | −0.07 |
Warm temperate deciduous oak forest zone | IIIii | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.03 |
Temperate shrub and semi-fruticous desert zone | VIIBib | 0.55 | 0.56 | −0.13 |
Temperate semi-shrub and fruticous desert zone | VIIBi | 0.19 | 0.18 | −0.23 |
Topographic Factors | Average Vegetation Coverage | Value (%) from 1990 to 2015 | Hurst Index from 1990 to 2015 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | ||||
Slope (°) | 0–3 | 0.38 | 0.36 | −0.58 | 0.67 |
3–8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | −0.51 | 0.67 | |
8–15 | 0.58 | 0.57 | −0.37 | 0.65 | |
12–25 | 0.63 | 0.62 | −0.23 | 0.65 | |
≥25 | 0.71 | 0.7 | −0.08 | 0.64 | |
Aspect | Flat | 0.35 | 0.34 | −0.45 | 0.65 |
Sunny slope | 0.52 | 0.5 | −0.4 | 0.66 | |
Shady slope | 0.53 | 0.51 | −0.44 | 0.66 |
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Deng, X.; Wu, L.; He, C.; Shao, H. Study on Spatiotemporal Variation Pattern of Vegetation Coverage on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Analysis of Its Climate Driving Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148836
Deng X, Wu L, He C, Shao H. Study on Spatiotemporal Variation Pattern of Vegetation Coverage on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Analysis of Its Climate Driving Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148836
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Xiaoyu, Liangxu Wu, Chengjin He, and Huaiyong Shao. 2022. "Study on Spatiotemporal Variation Pattern of Vegetation Coverage on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Analysis of Its Climate Driving Factors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148836