Does Technological Innovation Curb O₃ Pollution? Evidence from Three Major Regions in China

At the end of 2020, when China’s three-year Blue Sky Protection Campaign was successfully concluded, the main pollutants, led by O₃, increased instead of decreasing, creating a new air pollution problem. In this paper, the impact of the technological innovation level on O₃ pollution and its inter-regional differences across three major regions from 2014 to 2019 are studied using the dynamic spatial Durbin model. Generally, in terms of ozone pollution showing significant spatial correlation, technological innovations in China are still not effective in curbing ozone pollution. Furthermore, technological innovation is a key factor affecting ozone pollution, and it is heterogeneous, demonstrating that the impact of technological innovation on O₃ pollution is different among regions. Technological innovation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei significantly reduces local O₃ pollution with spillover, while technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta instead significantly exacerbates local O₃ pollution, and the impact of technological innovation on O₃ pollution in the Fenwei Plain is not significant. Third, other factors in O₃ pollution also differ between regions, with the number of cars and the amount of foreign capital actually utilized being the main factors. Therefore, we should pay attention to the spillover of O₃ pollution and technological innovation and strengthen regional cooperation according to our own characteristics to effectively suppress O₃ pollution. Finally, the findings of this paper are representative, which provides a possible reference for other similar national or regional studies.