Collaborative Learning: A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Contributing to a Successful Tobacco Cessation Train-the-Trainer Program as a Community of Practice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. TTTF Train-the-Trainer
2.2. Ethical Approval
2.3. Study Design and Participants
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Theoretical Framework: Communities of Practice
3. Results
3.1. Collaborative Learning: Value of Peer Support, Feedback, and Practice
3.1.1. Value of Peer Support
I agree with Sheila, she’s pointed out several times that we all learned a lot from each other in sitting in on each other’s trainings as well. So really, we sat through maybe 10 trainings. We all fed off that, and we all gained bits and pieces of everybody else’s techniques as well as their points of interest that they pointed out maybe better than we did. So I think it was a huge benefit for us to sit in each other’s trainings.(Lisa, LMHA1)
3.1.2. Feedback
One of [my coworkers] came up to me and told me about this last [employee training], “My God, I was so impressed by the training”, and that helps me to get better. … It’s always good to get feedback from people. Especially people who work with you because they’re going to be honest.(Veronica, LMHA1)
3.1.3. Practice
It would’ve not been helpful at all if we had not had those practice sessions with each other and with you guys. If we had gone from you giving us the training straight into doing training for our staff, I don’t think it would’ve gone as well… especially where I think I’ve got holes I find myself less confident. So, I was really grateful to have those trainings that we did with each other.(Sheila, LMHA1)
3.2. Building Knowledge, Increased Champion Confidence, Program Ownership, and Innovation
3.2.1. Building Knowledge
You guys are so very knowledgeable, you were an excellent resource, and knew the material front to back. That helped us feel more confident because you guys were so at ease with the material, and I appreciate that…You were like—‘Hey, this is what works, this is what we’ve seen that doesn’t work’…I felt that you were there to support us from the beginning and being really approachable and just normal people, trying to help people learn about tobacco use. So I think that was a big part of our learning. We didn’t feel threatened or intimidated in any way to try to do it perfect. Because I think you guys said from the beginning, we’re all going to have different styles, we’re all going to have different parts of that presentation that we dobetter, and some places that we’re not as good presenting. And like S. [peer] said, I think we fed off of that we were able to see different things through being able to learn from everybody else’s presentation.(Lisa, LMHA1)
3.2.2. Increased Champion Confidence
You all were very patient and the guidance that you gave us was good. In the beginning, I was a little bit confused… but once you all started guiding me… you slowed it down, and I think giving it to us in pieces really worked and helped my self-confidence to be able to do the presentation.(Clara, LMHA2)
3.2.3. Program Ownership: Becoming a Tobacco Treatment Specialist
As I’m going, I think of stories I can say along the way. It reminds me of stuff I’ve experienced in the past with clients that I’m able to add little stories to for these different topics, to help people quit smoking. It was challenging, but then with the support and assistance and the help that you all gave me and the encouragement, I was able to open up, and I was able to make it a little bit of my own, and the more I did it the more excited I would get, and then I got inspired and so I was able to do the presentation with a flow and to make it more of my own.(Clara, LMHA2)
I think it was a very good training because—I was kind of nervous at the beginning because there was a lot of information and learning, but at the end, it was all worth it, I feel confident. … This program was fairly new to me, and if you would’ve asked me in the beginning, I probably would’ve said no, I’m not confident at all to do the training… But now I feel confident. I know that I’m probably going to keep learning, and I am probably going to run into something that I might not know, but that’s a process, that’s what goes with it. I’m just happy I went through it.(Veronica, LMHA2)
3.2.4. Innovation
The other thing that we haven’t really explored, that we want to, is the training together. Like, for example, I do half the class and then L. [peer] finishes it up, or vice-versa. So the audience gets a mixture of different opinions and people.(Sheila, LMHA1)
3.3. Informative Curriculum, Adaptable to Targeted Populations
3.3.1. Informative Curriculum
At first, it was kind of difficult… It was challenging, but with all the support, and all the important information was there—the dangers, what parts of the body it [smoking] affects, and the way it affects it, and it went into a nice flow into how to try to help people to quit smoking, and the different medications that they can use to stop. All this information is very helpful because when I am talking to people about tobacco, I’m able to explain to them better because I know a lot more now with this training… My co-workers said they enjoyed it, and they learned a lot. They said that everything was very informational and very educational for them. They learned stuff that they didn’t know about tobacco.(Clara, LMHA2)
I know that you were providing us with a lot of new information especially given to me when I had previous knowledge. I did learn a lot. That’s what I would say, there’s nothing to improve. I know there’s always going to be more information coming in but your whole presentation, all the training you gave us, those were perfect…I learned a lot of information that can benefit my patients, especially how they can obtain more services… like what I learned from peers besides all the information is mainly the benefits the patients can obtain from us.(Juan, LMHA2)
3.3.2. Curriculum Adaptable to Target Populations
I think everything about that training was good, I liked it. It’s very informative. It’s a lot of information, but it’s good. It focuses on a lot of topics, a lot of different populations…I had some coworkers that work with IDD, most of their patients smoke, and they liked that information so they can also explain it to them. So, there was nothing to be added. Everybody thought it was very educational and informational.(Clara, LMHA2)
I’d really like to look a little bit more at those marginalized cultures, looking at our homeless, LGBTQ+. Keeping us up-to-date on the new information that comes out, we’d love to have that… There’s just not enough of a focus [on special populations], so what we’d need if we were to specialize a 30-, 45-min training for a specific group, we might want to focus on the population that you work with most, and looking at a bit more data on that.(Sarah, LMHA3)
There were gaps [in information] with the IDD, I think we need to keep up with it and see what other information is available, for that and the homeless. But of course, that in general has very limited data. I just did the best I could to add more to [the training].(Veronica, LMHA2)
3.4. Staying Abreast of Changing Tobacco/Nicotine Research and Evidence-Based Practice: Clarification and Additional Resources
3.4.1. Staying Abreast of Changing Tobacco/Nicotine Research: Clarifications
I think when we first did our [TTTF] training, it [vaping] had just started, and a lot of people were thinking it would be a good alternative to cigarettes… I’m really excited to learn more about e-cigarettes. I was surprised this morning when I taught… a lot of them thought that vaping was a NRT [Nicotine Replacement Therapy], and they get that confused, that they think that e-cigarettes are an alternative… A safe alternative to smoking.(Sheila, LMHA1)
3.4.2. Additional Resources
You all had the different types of e-cigarettes, and like the different types of tobacco, and the chew tobacco, there’s all different types of tobacco. We try to keep up to date on all the different changing e-cigarettes because there’s always so many new ones coming out on the market all the time. Yes, because research, it changes all the time.There’s always new information out there. Of course, we’d like new research also about e-cigarettes, and SNUS—since we still don’t know a lot about that. We’re still learning since it’s new.(Clara, LMHA2)
Especially the part that I really enjoyed and learn the most from—even though there’s still a lot for us to find out—is the part about the electronic cigarettes, the e-cigarettes. I think it’s really fascinating. It’s interesting because that’s the most popular method now especially for teens and such. I knew pretty much nothing about the e-cigarettes, and so it was good just to learn the little bit that we, that the community does know now.(Michael, LMHA1)
3.4.3. Staying Abreast of Tobacco Cessation Evidence-Based Practices
I heard this morning [on a webinar] that they felt that ‘cessation’ wasn’t the adequate term any longer, that we needed to use the word ‘treatment’, or ‘smoking recovery’ instead of ‘cessation’, because they felt that was a much stronger word to be using to show that it is that type of addiction that’s going to require treatments for people to stop.(Sheila, LMHA1)
3.5. Facilitated Practice: Responsiveness and Practical Coaching/Assistance by TTTF Team
3.5.1. Responsiveness
And also, I want to say that B. [TTTF trainer] was very responsive to our questions, I sent him a lot of questions and I know that S. [peer] did also. But he was extremely responsive to them, and that put us more at ease too knowing that he was there if we were having a panic moment, or we were confused about something. And so, I really appreciate that.(Lisa, LMHA1)
3.5.2. Practical Coaching/Assistance
It was a good experience, this is very good for people to learn and be able to educate other people about the dangers of tobacco because tobacco has been out there for a long time, and it does so much damage to people… You all did excellent in guiding us, and with the support and the assistance, you encouraged us very well and the support was really good, and you all inspired us very well, like, you want to do something with it.(Clara, LMHA2)
3.5.3. Structure and Model
You guys have done a really great job with this training. I don’t know that there’s much more information that you could give somebody… I feel very confident in my ability to train this course… There was a lot of information to cover, and a lot of times, it seems like people try to fit a training into too short of amount of time, and then expect you to be able to regurgitate that whenever you are training somebody else. That doesn’t always work, so I loved how long our initial training was and then the fact that we had to train a couple more times in order to be certified… And not being the only one from our organization to go through this training, it was very nice for us to be able to do it as a team… In the two employee trainings that I did, I got really great feedback. People really appreciated that information. I had the opportunity to take in all that information and learn it really well… of all the train the trainer trainings that I’ve been through, this one was by far the best.(Jane, LMHA3)
4. Discussion
4.1. Collaborative Learning Builds Knowledge, Champion Confidence, and Professional Identity
4.2. Responding to Diverse Populations and Evolving Tobacco/Nicotine Landscape
4.3. Strengths, Limitations, and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Center | Number of Individual Clinics | Number of Full-Time Employees | Number of Full-Time Providers | Total Annual Clients Served | Total Annual Unique Client Contacts | Counties Served (%Rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LMHA1 | 42 | 247 | 150 | 92,498 | 5420 | 23 (100%) |
LMHA2 | 20 | 323 | 254 | 229,482 | 9808 | 4 (50%) |
LMHA3 | 31 | 419 | 286 | 239,672 | 11,243 | 6 (88.3%) |
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Martinez Leal, I.; Martinez, J.; Britton, M.; Chen, T.A.; Correa-Fernández, V.; Kyburz, B.; Nitturi, V.; Obasi, E.M.; Drenner, K.; Williams, T.; et al. Collaborative Learning: A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Contributing to a Successful Tobacco Cessation Train-the-Trainer Program as a Community of Practice. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137664
Martinez Leal I, Martinez J, Britton M, Chen TA, Correa-Fernández V, Kyburz B, Nitturi V, Obasi EM, Drenner K, Williams T, et al. Collaborative Learning: A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Contributing to a Successful Tobacco Cessation Train-the-Trainer Program as a Community of Practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137664
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartinez Leal, Isabel, Jayda Martinez, Maggie Britton, Tzuan A. Chen, Virmarie Correa-Fernández, Bryce Kyburz, Vijay Nitturi, Ezemenari M. Obasi, Kelli Drenner, Teresa Williams, and et al. 2022. "Collaborative Learning: A Qualitative Study Exploring Factors Contributing to a Successful Tobacco Cessation Train-the-Trainer Program as a Community of Practice" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137664