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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19116491
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Article

Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity

by
Arianna Astolfi
1,*,
Giuseppina Emma Puglisi
1,
Louena Shtrepi
1,
Paolo Tronville
1,
Jesús Alejandro Marval Diaz
1,
Alessio Carullo
2,
Alberto Vallan
2,
Alessio Atzori
2,
Ada Ferri
3 and
Francesca Dotti
3
1
Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
2
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
3
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491
Submission received: 11 April 2022 / Revised: 22 May 2022 / Accepted: 23 May 2022 / Published: 26 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Speech Communication in Complex Auditory Scenes and Effects on Voice Behaviour and Health, Listening Comfort, Well-Being, and Learning)
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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of face masks on physiological and voice parameters, focusing on cyclists that perform incremental sports activity. Three healthy male subjects were monitored in a climatic chamber wearing three types of masks with different acoustic properties, breathing resistance, and air filtration performance. Masks A and B were surgical masks made of hydrophobic fabric and three layers of non-woven fabric of 100% polypropylene, respectively. Mask S was a multilayer cloth mask designed for sports activity. Mask B and Mask S behave similarly and show lower sound attenuation and sound transmission loss and lower breathing resistance than Mask A, although Mask A exhibits slightly higher filtration efficiency. Similar cheek temperatures were observed for Masks A and B, while a significantly higher temperature was measured with Mask S at incremental physical activity. No differences were found between the masks and the no-mask condition for voice monitoring. Overall, Mask B and Mask S are suitable for sports activities without adverse effects on voice production while ensuring good breathing resistance and filtration efficiency. These outcomes support choosing appropriate masks for sports activities, showing the best trade-off between breathing resistance and filtration efficiency, sound attenuation, and sound transmission loss.
Keywords: breathing resistance; face masks; filtration efficiency; sports performance; voice analysis breathing resistance; face masks; filtration efficiency; sports performance; voice analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Astolfi, A.; Puglisi, G.E.; Shtrepi, L.; Tronville, P.; Marval Diaz, J.A.; Carullo, A.; Vallan, A.; Atzori, A.; Ferri, A.; Dotti, F. Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491

AMA Style

Astolfi A, Puglisi GE, Shtrepi L, Tronville P, Marval Diaz JA, Carullo A, Vallan A, Atzori A, Ferri A, Dotti F. Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491

Chicago/Turabian Style

Astolfi, Arianna, Giuseppina Emma Puglisi, Louena Shtrepi, Paolo Tronville, Jesús Alejandro Marval Diaz, Alessio Carullo, Alberto Vallan, Alessio Atzori, Ada Ferri, and Francesca Dotti. 2022. "Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491

APA Style

Astolfi, A., Puglisi, G. E., Shtrepi, L., Tronville, P., Marval Diaz, J. A., Carullo, A., Vallan, A., Atzori, A., Ferri, A., & Dotti, F. (2022). Effects of Face Masks on Physiological Parameters and Voice Production during Cycling Activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116491

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