Dental Caries and Oral Health Status of Psychoactive Substance Abusers

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, India

KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, India

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad 387001, India

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Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina 46526, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia

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Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India

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Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editors: Paul B. Tchounwou, Carmen Llena and Maria Melo Almiñana

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 5818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105818

Received: 2 April 2022 / Revised: 7 May 2022 / Accepted: 9 May 2022 / Published: 10 May 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Caries)

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Abstract

Substance-abuse disorders are universally associated with comorbid illness. Tobacco is a widely abused substance across the globe and presents a critical public health problem. The precise correlation between tobacco use and dental caries remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between tobacco use and dental caries. Methodology: Based on selection criteria, a total of 270 (age 20–50 years) participants were included in the study, and were categorized as group A (n = 135), consisting of tobacco users, and group B (n = 135), comprising healthy controls (non-users). The Decayed, Missing, and Filled index (DMFT) was used to measure caries status. The Simplified Oral Hygiene index was used to evaluate oral health. Results: The tobacco group reported the use of cigarettes; smokeless tobacco in indigenous forms, such as gutka (areca nut, tobacco, and slaked lime), betel nut chewing; and a combination. Individuals with tobacco habits had a higher prevalence of dental caries (Mean DMFT 4.73 ± 4.32) compared to the non-habit group (Mean DMFT 3.17 ± 3.11 (p = 0.001). The Oral Hygiene index was significantly higher (indicating bad/poor oral hygiene) in tobacco abusers than those of non-users (p = 0.0001). Duration and frequency of tobacco use were correlated with the levels of moderate and severe caries (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Psychoactive substance abuse, such as smoking/smokeless tobacco consumption, is associated with higher prevalence of dental caries. View Full-Text

Keywords: dental caries; DMFT; oral health; psychoactive substance abuse; tobacco

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bhavsar, R.; Shah, V.; Ajith, N.A.; Shah, K.; Al-amoudi, A.; Bahammam, H.A.; Bahammam, S.A.; Zidane, B.; Albar, N.H.M.; Bhandi, S.; Raj, A.T.; Patil, S. Dental Caries and Oral Health Status of Psychoactive Substance Abusers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105818

AMA Style

Bhavsar R, Shah V, Ajith NA, Shah K, Al-amoudi A, Bahammam HA, Bahammam SA, Zidane B, Albar NHM, Bhandi S, Raj AT, Patil S. Dental Caries and Oral Health Status of Psychoactive Substance Abusers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):5818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105818

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhavsar, Rashmi, Vandana Shah, Namratha A. Ajith, Kinjal Shah, Ahmed Al-amoudi, Hammam A. Bahammam, Sarah A. Bahammam, Bassam Zidane, Nassreen H.M. Albar, Shilpa Bhandi, A. T. Raj, and Shankargouda Patil. 2022. "Dental Caries and Oral Health Status of Psychoactive Substance Abusers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 5818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105818

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