Does the Number of Reasons for Seeking Care and Self-Rated Health Predict Sick Leave during the Following 12 Months? A Prospective, Longitudinal Study in Swedish Primary Health Care
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Aim
- There is a baseline difference in reasons for seeking care between those with and those without registered sick leave (>14 days) at 12 months follow-up.
- The number of reasons for seeking care at baseline predict registered sick leave at 12 months follow-up.
- Lower SRH at baseline predicts registered sick leave at 12 months follow up.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Intervention
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Study Population
2.5. Measures
2.6. Statistical Analyses
2.7. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
3. Results
3.1. Differences in Reasons for Seeking Care
3.2. Number of Reasons When Seeking Care as a Determinant for Registered Sick Leave at 12 Months
3.3. Self-Rated Health as a Determinant for Registered Sick Leave at 12 Months
4. Discussion
4.1. Reasons for Seeking Care
4.2. Number of Reasons When Seeking Care
4.3. Self-Rated Health
4.4. Strengths and Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total Population at Baseline n = 271 (%) | W at 12 Month n = 175 (%) | W-SL at 12 Month n = 96 (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Female | 185 (68) | 114 (65) | 71 (74) |
Men | 86 (32) | 61 (35) | 25 (26) |
Age groups | |||
19–30 years | 47 (17) | 32 (18) | 15 (15) |
31–50 years | 134 (50) | 88 (50) | 46 (49) |
51–64 years | 90 (33) | 55 (32) | 35 (36) |
Birthplace 1 | |||
Nordic countries | 247 (91) | 159 (91) | 88 (92) |
Other | 23 (9) | 15 (9) | 8 (8) |
Civil status 1 | |||
Single | 58 (22) | 33 (20) | 25 (26) |
Married/cohabitant | 197 (73) | 131 (75) | 66 (69) |
In a relationship | 14 (5) | 9 (5) | 5 (5) |
Educational level 1 | |||
Compulsory schooling | 28 (11) | 16 (9) | 12 (12) |
Secondary school | 120 (44) | 76 (44) | 44 (46) |
University or higher | 122 (45) | 82 (47) | 40 (42) |
Occupational class 2 | |||
Skilled/unskilled manual | 107 (40) | 62 (35) | 45 (47) |
Medium/low non-manual | 114 (42) | 76 (44) | 40 (42) |
High-level non-manual | 47 (18) | 36 (21) | 11 (11) |
Employer 1 | |||
Private | 131 (49) | 84 (49) | 42 (46) |
Public | 125 (46) | 76 (44) | 49 (51) |
Self-employed | 14 (5) | 12 (7) | 2 (3) |
Reasons for Seeking Care | Total Study Population n = 271 (%) | W n = 175 (%) | W-SL n = 96 (%) | Confidence Interval between W and W-SL 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fatigue | 92 (34) | 45 (26) | 47 (49) | −0.352–0.113 |
Stress | 77 (28)) | 44 (25) | 33 (34) | −0.207–0.022 |
Sleeping problems | 68 (25) | 32 (18) | 36 (37) | −0.305–0.08 |
Anxiety | 64 (24) | 32 (18) | 32 (33) | −0.261–0.04 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 54 (20) | 16 (9) | 38 (40) | −0.411–0.198 |
Musculoskeletal pain, other | 51 (19) | 18 (10) | 33 (34) | −0.346–0.136 |
Musculoskeletal pain in neck/shoulder | 50 (18) | 24 (14) | 26 (27) | −0.236–0.031 |
Depression | 44 (16) | 22 (13) | 22 (23) | −0.201–0.006 |
Other symptoms | 41 (15) | 13 (7) | 28 (29) | −0.316–0.119 |
Musculoskeletal pain, back pain | 37 (14) | 15 (9) | 22 (23) | −0.237–0.05 |
Cardiovascular symptoms | 32 (12) | 11 (6) | 21 (22) | −0.246–0.066 |
Mental symptoms, other | 10 (4) | 3 (2) | 7 (7) | −0.111–0.000 |
Skin symptoms, eczema, allergies | 10 (4) | 6 (3) | 4 (4) | −0.056–0.041 |
Infections | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | |
Accident or injury | 3 (1) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (2) | −0.046−0.016 |
Total | 638 | 282 | 356 |
n (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent | Very Good | Good | Fair | Poor | Total | |
Total | 18 (7) | 59 (23) | 108 (42) | 60 (23) | 13 (5) | 258 (100) |
Model 1, OR (95% CI) | Model 2, OR (95% CI) | Model 3, OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
High number of reasons for seeking care | 1.31 (1.13−1.52) | 1.33 (1.14−1.55) | 1.33 (1.14−1.56) |
Model 1, OR (95% CI) | Model 2, OR (95% CI) | Model 3, OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Lower self-rated health | 1.45 (1.10–1.90) | 1.46 (1.11–1.92) | 1.45 (1.10–1.91) |
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Lork, K.; Holmgren, K.; Hultqvist, J. Does the Number of Reasons for Seeking Care and Self-Rated Health Predict Sick Leave during the Following 12 Months? A Prospective, Longitudinal Study in Swedish Primary Health Care. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010354
Lork K, Holmgren K, Hultqvist J. Does the Number of Reasons for Seeking Care and Self-Rated Health Predict Sick Leave during the Following 12 Months? A Prospective, Longitudinal Study in Swedish Primary Health Care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(1):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010354
Chicago/Turabian StyleLork, Kristin, Kristina Holmgren, and Jenny Hultqvist. 2022. "Does the Number of Reasons for Seeking Care and Self-Rated Health Predict Sick Leave during the Following 12 Months? A Prospective, Longitudinal Study in Swedish Primary Health Care" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010354