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Volume 19
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Article

Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
Monika Bernburg
1,
Mara Shirin Hetzmann
2,
Natascha Mojtahedzadeh
2,
Felix Alexander Neumann
3,
Matthias Augustin
4,
Volker Harth
2,
David Alexander Groneberg
1,
Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
3 and
Stefanie Mache
1,2,*
1
Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
2
Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany
3
Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
4
Competence Center for Health Services Research in Vascular Diseases (CVvasc), Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010313
Submission received: 11 November 2021 / Revised: 9 December 2021 / Accepted: 23 December 2021 / Published: 28 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Well-Being of Health Care Workers and Students in the Time of COVID-19)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient nurses have been exposed to a double burden of already known occupational and new pandemic-related stressors. Recent studies suggest that increased pandemic-related stress can affect mental health and promote the development of negative mental health outcomes for nurses. This includes a decrease in sleep quality and work engagement. In addition, certain groups appear to be particularly vulnerable to pandemic-related stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress perception of German outpatient nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine associations between their pandemic-related stress and variables such as sleep quality, work engagement, pandemic-related worries and concerns. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed based on well-established measurement instruments such as the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional online survey among outpatient nurses from Germany. Participants (n = 166) showed rather moderate overall pandemic-related stress levels, good sleep quality, high work engagement, and moderate pandemic-related worries and concerns. Pandemic-related stress proved to be a predictor of decreased sleep quality and work engagement of outpatient nurses with weak effect sizes. Despite the surprisingly moderate stress levels, the effects of pandemic-related stress on selected aspects of participants’ mental health could be demonstrated. Therefore, behavioural and organisational health promotion measures are recommended to support outpatient nurses during the pandemic. However, further research is needed to determine the causal relationships and long-term effects of pandemic-related stress on the mental health of outpatient caregivers.
Keywords: outpatient care nursing; ambulatory care; stress; worries; work engagement; coronavirus; pandemic outpatient care nursing; ambulatory care; stress; worries; work engagement; coronavirus; pandemic

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bernburg, M.; Hetzmann, M.S.; Mojtahedzadeh, N.; Neumann, F.A.; Augustin, M.; Harth, V.; Groneberg, D.A.; Zyriax, B.-C.; Mache, S. Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010313

AMA Style

Bernburg M, Hetzmann MS, Mojtahedzadeh N, Neumann FA, Augustin M, Harth V, Groneberg DA, Zyriax B-C, Mache S. Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(1):313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010313

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernburg, Monika, Mara Shirin Hetzmann, Natascha Mojtahedzadeh, Felix Alexander Neumann, Matthias Augustin, Volker Harth, David Alexander Groneberg, Birgit-Christiane Zyriax, and Stefanie Mache. 2022. "Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1: 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010313

APA Style

Bernburg, M., Hetzmann, M. S., Mojtahedzadeh, N., Neumann, F. A., Augustin, M., Harth, V., Groneberg, D. A., Zyriax, B.-C., & Mache, S. (2022). Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010313

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