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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph18063245
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Article

The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age

by
Yoko Komada
1,*,
Makoto Sato
2,
Yuko Ikeda
3,
Azusa Kami
2,
Chika Masuda
2 and
Shigenobu Shibata
3
1
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
2
MTI Ltd., Tokyo 163-1435, Japan
3
Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 3245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245
Submission received: 13 February 2021 / Revised: 17 March 2021 / Accepted: 19 March 2021 / Published: 21 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Sleep Disorders and Public Health)
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association among lunar cycle, menstrual cycle onset, and subjective sleep quality. Menstrual cycle onset data from the six most recent menstrual cycles were obtained for 529 women (aged 25–39 years) using the smartphone app Luna Luna. We also collected questionnaire survey data on sleep quality from each participant. Overall, there was no association between the onset of menstrual cycle and lunar phase. Interestingly, the proportion of good sleepers with menstrual cycle beginning during the light period was significantly higher than that during the dark period, while the proportion of poor sleepers with menstrual cycle beginning during the dark period was significantly higher than that during the light period. When participants were categorized by the combination of lunar phases (light, dark, neutral periods) in the two most recent menstrual cycle onsets, the “both dark period” group and the “other (light and dark) period” group showed the lowest proportion of good sleepers. Menstrual cycle onset in the dark period was associated with a deterioration in subsequent subjective sleep quality, which was more apparent with consecutive onsets in the dark period or at a rapidly changing lunar phase.
Keywords: sleep quality; menstruation; menstrual cycle; lunar rhythms; moon; reproductive health; human sleep quality; menstruation; menstrual cycle; lunar rhythms; moon; reproductive health; human

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MDPI and ACS Style

Komada, Y.; Sato, M.; Ikeda, Y.; Kami, A.; Masuda, C.; Shibata, S. The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245

AMA Style

Komada Y, Sato M, Ikeda Y, Kami A, Masuda C, Shibata S. The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245

Chicago/Turabian Style

Komada, Yoko, Makoto Sato, Yuko Ikeda, Azusa Kami, Chika Masuda, and Shigenobu Shibata. 2021. "The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245

APA Style

Komada, Y., Sato, M., Ikeda, Y., Kami, A., Masuda, C., & Shibata, S. (2021). The Relationship between the Lunar Phase, Menstrual Cycle Onset and Subjective Sleep Quality among Women of Reproductive Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063245

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