Factors Associated with Insomnia Symptoms in a Longitudinal Study among New York City Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population and Data Collection
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(n = 230) | |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 36 (31–48) |
Sex, n (%) | |
Female | 183 (79.6%) |
Male | 46 (20.0%) |
Other | 1 (0.4%) |
Race, n (%) | |
White | 148 (64.3%) |
Asian | 26 (11.3%) |
Black | 21 (9.1%) |
Other | 20 (8.7%) |
More than one race | 14 (6.1%) |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1 (0.4%) |
American Indian/Native American | 0 (0%) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |
Not Hispanic or Latino | 191 (86.8%) |
Hispanic or Latino | 29 (13.2%) |
Clinical location, n (%) | |
COVID-facing | 190 (82.6%) |
Not COVID-facing | 40 (17.4%) |
Hours worked in past week (at baseline) a | |
Median (IQR) | 41–50 h (31–40 h, 51–60 h) |
Role, n (%) | |
Registered Nurse | 115 (50.0%) |
Attending Physician | 50 (21.7%) |
Resident | 31 (13.5%) |
Advanced Practice Provider | 13 (5.7%) |
Fellow | 12 (5.2%) |
Other | 8 (3.5%) |
Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.4%) |
Dichotomized insomnia severity, n (%) | |
Moderate or severe symptoms (≥2 score) | 167 (72.6%) |
None or mild symptoms (<2 score) | 63 (27.4%) |
Completed 10-Week Assessment (n = 89) | Did Not Complete 10-Week Assessment (n = 141) | p-Value c | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 35 (31–44.3) | 41 (32–53) | 0.004 |
Sex (n%) | 0.408 | ||
Female | 114 (80.9%) | 69 (77.5%) | |
Male | 27 (19.1%) | 19 (21.3%) | |
Other | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
Race (n%) | 0.334 | ||
White | 84 (59.6%) | 64 (71.9%) | |
Asian | 16 (11.3%) | 10 (11.2%) | |
Black | 14 (9.9%) | 7 (7.9%) | |
Other | 16 (8.7%) | 4 (4.5%) | |
More than one race | 10 (7.1%) | 4 (4.5%) | |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
American Indian/Native American | 0 (%) | 0 (0%) | |
Ethnicity (n%) | 0.302 | ||
Not Hispanic or Latino | 118 (83.7%) | 73 (82%) | |
Hispanic or Latino | 23 (16.3%) | 16 (18%) | |
Clinical location (n%) | 0.020 | ||
COVID-facing | 123 (87.2%) | 67 (75.3%) | |
Not COVID-facing | 18 (12.8%) | 22 (24.7%) | |
Hours worked in past week (at baseline) a | 0.348 | ||
Median (IQR) | 41–50 h (31–40 h, 51–60 h) | 41–50 h (31–40 h, 51–60 h) | |
Role (n %) | 0.009 | ||
Registered Nurse | 78 (55.3%) | 37 (41.6%) | |
Attending Physician | 19 (13.5%) | 30 (33.7%) | |
Resident | 23 (16.3%) | 8 (9%) | |
Advanced Practice Provider | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
Fellow | 9 (6.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | |
Other | 11 (7.8%) | 10 (11.2%) | |
Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
Severity of insomnia symptoms b | 0.160 | ||
Median (IQR) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | |
Dichotomized insomnia severity | 0.088 | ||
None or mild symptoms (<2 score) | 33 (23.4%) | 30 (33.7%) | |
Moderate or severe symptoms (≥2 score) | 108 (76.6 %) | 59 (66.3%) |
Univariable Model | Multivariable Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B (SE) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | B (SE) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Age | −0.03 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.005 | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.031 |
Role (RN vs. other) | 0.32 (0.21) | 1.38 (0.91, 2.10) | 0.135 | 0.34 (0.23) | 1.40 (0.89, 2.22) | 0.141 |
Sex (female vs. male) | 0.56 (0.27) | 1.75 (1.03, 3.00) | 0.039 | 0.53 (0.29) | 1.70 (0.96, 3.02) | 0.069 |
Clinical location (COVID-facing vs. not) | 0.67 (0.21) | 1.95 (1.31, 2.94) | 0.001 | 0.56 (0.21) | 1.75 (1.15, 2.67) | 0.008 |
Work hours a | 0.13 (0.04) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.25) | 0.003 | 0.15 (0.05) | 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) | 0.002 |
Race/ethnicity (White, Non-Hispanic/Latino vs. other) | −0.25 (0.22) | 0.78 (0.51, 1.20) | 0.257 | −0.14 (0.23) | 0.87 (0.56, 1.36) | 0.536 |
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Abdalla, M.; Chiuzan, C.; Shang, Y.; Ko, G.; Diaz, F.; Shaw, K.; McMurry, C.L.; Cannone, D.E.; Sullivan, A.M.; Lee, S.A.J.; Venner, H.K.; Shechter, A. Factors Associated with Insomnia Symptoms in a Longitudinal Study among New York City Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178970
Abdalla M, Chiuzan C, Shang Y, Ko G, Diaz F, Shaw K, McMurry CL, Cannone DE, Sullivan AM, Lee SAJ, Venner HK, Shechter A. Factors Associated with Insomnia Symptoms in a Longitudinal Study among New York City Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):8970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178970
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdalla, Marwah, Codruta Chiuzan, Yimeng Shang, Gavin Ko, Franchesca Diaz, Kaitlin Shaw, Cara L. McMurry, Diane E. Cannone, Alexandra M. Sullivan, Sung A. J. Lee, Hadiah K. Venner, and Ari Shechter. 2021. "Factors Associated with Insomnia Symptoms in a Longitudinal Study among New York City Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 8970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178970