Heavy Metal Assessment in Feathers of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica): A Possible Strategy for Monitoring Environmental Contamination?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Operations
2.2. Animals
2.3. THM Level Assessment
2.4. OS Biomarkers Analysis
2.4.1. Lipid Peroxidation
2.4.2. d-ROMS, Superoxide Anion, and NO Levels
2.4.3. Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. THM Levels in Feathers
3.2. OS Biomarkers and Hg Blood Levels
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age Class | n | Pb | Ni | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young | 30 | 2.07 (0.41–5.82) | 0.54 (0.18–2.27) | 0.16 (0.12–0.20) | 4.58 (1.54–85.9) |
Adult | 34 | 3.91 (0.67–17.7) a | 0.76 (0.23–2.26) b | <LOD (<LOD–0.25) c | 3.26 (1.35–12.7) d |
Total | 64 | 2.80 (0.41–17.7) | 0.68 (0.18–2.27) | <LOD (<LOD–0.25) | 3.09 (1.35–85.9) |
Sampling Area | n | Pb | Ni | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UZ | 28 | 2.89 (0.41–17.7) | 0.74 (0.20–1.39) | <LOD (<LOD–0.18) | 2.99 (1.54–85.9) |
RZ | 36 | 2.60 (0.48–9.76) | 0.66 (0.18–2.27) | <LOD (<LOD–0.25) | 4.05 (1.35–12.7) * |
Total | 64 | 2.80 (0.41–17.7) | 0.68 (0.18–2.27) | <LOD (<LOD–0.25) | 3.09 (1.35–85.9) |
Age Class | n | d-ROMs (UCAR) | MDA (mmol/L) | NO (µmol/L) | WST (mABS) | SOD (U/mL) | FRAP (µmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young | 30 | 0.06 (<LOD–0.31) | 22.2 (<LOD–44.7) | 3.28 (1.74–11.5) | 0.20 (0.08–0.47) | 8.04 (2.17–21.4) | 282.5 (106.4–1727) |
Adult | 34 | 0.07 (<LOD–0.18) | 20.75 (1.30–82.6) | 2.98 (1.48–3.67) | 0.21 (0.09–0.51) | 9.12 (2.43–18.0) | 303.6 (98.9–632.2) |
Total | 64 | 0.06 (<LOD–0.31) | 21.0 (<LOD–82.6) | 3.01 (1.48–11.5) | 0.21 (0.08–0.51) | 8.28 (2.17–21.4) | 293.1 (98.9–1727) |
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Iemmi, T.; Menozzi, A.; Pérez-López, M.; Basini, G.; Grasselli, F.; Menotta, S.; Serventi, P.; Bertini, S. Heavy Metal Assessment in Feathers of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica): A Possible Strategy for Monitoring Environmental Contamination? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062973
Iemmi T, Menozzi A, Pérez-López M, Basini G, Grasselli F, Menotta S, Serventi P, Bertini S. Heavy Metal Assessment in Feathers of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica): A Possible Strategy for Monitoring Environmental Contamination? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):2973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062973
Chicago/Turabian StyleIemmi, Tiziano, Alessandro Menozzi, Marcos Pérez-López, Giuseppina Basini, Francesca Grasselli, Simonetta Menotta, Paolo Serventi, and Simone Bertini. 2021. "Heavy Metal Assessment in Feathers of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica): A Possible Strategy for Monitoring Environmental Contamination?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062973