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IJERPH
Volume 18
Issue 3
10.3390/ijerph18031131
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Article

Sub-Clinical Effects of Outdoor Smoke in Affected Communities

by
Thomas O’Dwyer
1,†,
Michael J. Abramson
1,*,†,
Lahn Straney
1,
Farhad Salimi
1,
Fay Johnston
2,
Amanda J. Wheeler
2,3,
David O’Keeffe
1,
Anjali Haikerwal
1,
Fabienne Reisen
4,
Ingrid Hopper
1 and
Martine Dennekamp
1,5,‡
1
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
2
Environmental Health, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
3
Behaviour, Environment and Cognition Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
4
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale 3195, Australia
5
Environmental Public Health Unit, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne 3053, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Equal first authors.
‡
Senior author.
Academic Editor: Paul Tchounwou
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031131
Received: 4 December 2020 / Revised: 15 January 2021 / Accepted: 21 January 2021 / Published: 28 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Managing Forest Fire Smoke and Impacts on Health in an Era of Escalating Fire Risk)
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Abstract

Many Australians are intermittently exposed to landscape fire smoke from wildfires or planned (prescribed) burns. This study aimed to investigate effects of outdoor smoke from planned burns, wildfires and a coal mine fire by assessing biomarkers of inflammation in an exposed and predominantly older population. Participants were recruited from three communities in south-eastern Australia. Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were continuously measured within these communities, with participants performing a range of health measures during and without a smoke event. Changes in biomarkers were examined in response to PM2.5 concentrations from outdoor smoke. Increased levels of FeNO (fractional exhaled nitric oxide) (β = 0.500 [95%CI 0.192 to 0.808] p < 0.001) at a 4 h lag were associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels from outdoor smoke, with effects also shown for wildfire smoke at 4, 12, 24 and 48-h lag periods and coal mine fire smoke at a 4 h lag. Total white cell (β = −0.088 [−0.171 to −0.006] p = 0.036) and neutrophil counts (β = −0.077 [−0.144 to −0.010] p = 0.024) declined in response to a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. However, exposure to outdoor smoke resulting from wildfires, planned burns and a coal mine fire was not found to affect other blood biomarkers. View Full-Text
Keywords: smoke; PM2.5; landscape fire; bushfire; biomarkers; FeNO; neutrophils; white cell count smoke; PM2.5; landscape fire; bushfire; biomarkers; FeNO; neutrophils; white cell count
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MDPI and ACS Style

O’Dwyer, T.; Abramson, M.J.; Straney, L.; Salimi, F.; Johnston, F.; Wheeler, A.J.; O’Keeffe, D.; Haikerwal, A.; Reisen, F.; Hopper, I.; Dennekamp, M. Sub-Clinical Effects of Outdoor Smoke in Affected Communities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031131

AMA Style

O’Dwyer T, Abramson MJ, Straney L, Salimi F, Johnston F, Wheeler AJ, O’Keeffe D, Haikerwal A, Reisen F, Hopper I, Dennekamp M. Sub-Clinical Effects of Outdoor Smoke in Affected Communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031131

Chicago/Turabian Style

O’Dwyer, Thomas, Michael J. Abramson, Lahn Straney, Farhad Salimi, Fay Johnston, Amanda J. Wheeler, David O’Keeffe, Anjali Haikerwal, Fabienne Reisen, Ingrid Hopper, and Martine Dennekamp. 2021. "Sub-Clinical Effects of Outdoor Smoke in Affected Communities" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031131

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