Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG) in Taiwan: Psychometric Evidence from Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. The MISS-LG
2.2.2. Measures Used for Concurrent Validity of the MISS-LG
2.3. Sociodemographic and Sexual Orientation Factors
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Male (N = 500) | Female (N = 500) |
---|---|---|
Age in years; M (SD) | 24.80 (2.91) | 24.45 (3.06) |
Educational level; N (%) | ||
High school or below | 64 (12.8) | 45 (9.0) |
College or above | 436 (87.2) | 455 (91.0) |
Sexual orientation; N (%) | ||
Homosexual | 365 (73.0) | 205 (41.0) |
Bisexual | 135 (27.0) | 295 (59.0) |
Paternal education; N (%) | ||
High school or below | 319 (63.8) | 272 (54.4) |
College or above | 181 (36.2) | 228 (45.6) |
Maternal education; N (%) | ||
High school or below | 355 (71.0) | 305 (61.0) |
College or above | 145 (29.0) | 195 (39.0) |
Sexual orientation known by family | ||
No or few | 383 (76.6) | 398 (79.6) |
Many or a great quantity | 117 (23.4) | 102 (20.4) |
Sexual orientation known by friends | ||
No or few | 195 (39.0) | 159 (31.8) |
Many or a great quantity | 305 (61.0) | 341 (68.2) |
Sexual orientation known by online friends | ||
No or few | 187 (37.4) | 289 (57.8) |
Many or a great quantity | 313 (62.6) | 211 (42.2) |
Items | Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor Loading | Mean (SD) | Skewness | Kurtosis | Factor Loading | Mean (SD) | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
Sexuality | ||||||||
I2 | 0.751 | 2.89 (1.16) | 0.07 | −0.94 | 0.542 | 1.74 (0.90) | 1.24 | 1.16 |
I5 | 0.466 | 1.85 (1.03) | 1.11 | 0.51 | 0.479 | 1.42 (0.83) | 2.12 | 3.79 |
I8 | 0.270 | 1.45 (0.79) | 1.97 | 3.87 | 0.499 | 1.12 (0.36) | 3.13 | 9.77 |
I11 | 0.167 | 2.99 (1.01) | −0.01 | −0.23 | 0.299 | 1.24 (0.57) | 2.87 | 9.46 |
I14 | 0.390 | 1.76 (1.00) | 1.25 | 0.85 | 0.380 | 1.33 (0.64) | 2.15 | 4.61 |
Identity | ||||||||
I3 | 0.604 | 2.06 (1.16) | 0.86 | −0.29 | 0.725 | 1.65 (0.84) | 1.27 | 1.25 |
I6 | 0.741 | 1.81 (1.08) | 1.17 | 0.48 | 0.568 | 1.47 (0.76) | 1.62 | 2.34 |
I9 | 0.758 | 2.41 (1.21) | 0.34 | −0.87 | 0.635 | 2.24 (1.21) | 0.52 | -0.96 |
I12 | 0.727 | 1.80 (0.94) | 0.89 | −0.22 | 0.713 | 2.02 (1.02) | 0.63 | -0.43 |
I15 | 0.748 | 2.65 (1.37) | 0.20 | −1.25 | 0.828 | 1.65 (0.86) | 1.31 | 1.17 |
Social discomfort | ||||||||
I1 | 0.710 | 2.50 (1.16) | 0.37 | −0.77 | 0.609 | 2.82 (1.02) | -0.11 | −0.64 |
I4 | 0.723 | 2.52 (1.17) | 0.31 | −0.85 | 0.713 | 1.80 (0.95) | 1.08 | 0.40 |
I7 | 0.611 | 2.63 (1.18) | 0.22 | −1.00 | 0.753 | 2.50 (1.19) | 0.40 | −0.91 |
I10 | 0.778 | 2.54 (1.16) | 0.31 | −0.87 | 0.798 | 2.10 (1.04) | 0.72 | −0.26 |
I13 | 0.757 | 2.90 (1.29) | -0.02 | −1.16 | 0.566 | 2.03 (1.01) | 0.71 | −0.27 |
I16 | 0.670 | 2.76 (1.25) | 0.06 | −1.11 | 0.697 | 1.96 (1.09) | 0.86 | −0.35 |
I17 | 0.428 | 2.39 (1.13) | 0.35 | −0.78 | 0.721 | 1.67 (0.87) | 1.34 | 1.39 |
Items | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulty | Infit | Outfit | Difficulty | Infit | Outfit | |
Sexuality | ||||||
I2 | −0.86 | 0.91 | 0.91 | −0.66 | 1.11 | 1.03 |
I5 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | −0.04 | 0.85 | 0.75 |
I8 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.72 |
I11 | −1.03 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 0.37 | 1.05 | 1.07 |
I14 | 0.53 | 0.76 | 0.73 | −0.26 | 1.20 | 1.18 |
Identity | ||||||
I3 | 0.00 | 1.44 | 1.53 | 0.37 | 0.99 | 1.06 |
I6 | 0.43 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 1.16 | 1.24 |
I9 | −0.54 | 0.85 | 0.84 | −1.12 | 1.01 | 1.01 |
I12 | 1.12 | 0.88 | 0.87 | −0.54 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
I15 | −1.01 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 0.44 | 0.93 | 0.93 |
Social discomfort | ||||||
I1 | 0.11 | 0.92 | 0.96 | −1.29 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
I4 | 0.12 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
I7 | −0.02 | 1.10 | 1.14 | −0.82 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
I10 | 0.08 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.96 |
I13 | −0.45 | 0.82 | 0.79 | 0.22 | 1.36 | 1.47 |
I16 | −0.21 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.88 | 0.86 |
I17 | 0.36 | 1.45 | 1.51 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 0.68 |
Variables | MISS-LG Sexuality | MISS-LG Identity | MISS-LG Social Discomfort | HHRS-Homosexuality | AAQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MISS-LG Sexuality | (0.67/0.64) | 0.752 *** | 0.937 *** | 0.220 *** | 0.427 *** |
MISS-LG Identity | 0.784 *** | (0.87/0.87) | 0.784 *** | 0.231 *** | 0.339 *** |
MISS-LG Social discomfort | 0.700 *** | 0.640 *** | (0.90/0.91) | 0.256 *** | 0.323 *** |
HHRS-Homosexuality family | 0.190 *** | 0.270 *** | 0.384 *** | (0.95/0.94) | - |
AAQ | 0.287 *** | 0.282 *** | 0.424 *** | - | (0.94/0.95) |
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Yen, C.-F.; Huang, Y.-T.; Potenza, M.N.; Tsai, T.-T.; Lin, C.-Y.; Tsang, H.W.H. Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG) in Taiwan: Psychometric Evidence from Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413352
Yen C-F, Huang Y-T, Potenza MN, Tsai T-T, Lin C-Y, Tsang HWH. Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG) in Taiwan: Psychometric Evidence from Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413352
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen, Cheng-Fang, Yu-Te Huang, Marc N. Potenza, Tzu-Tung Tsai, Chung-Ying Lin, and Hector W. H. Tsang. 2021. "Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG) in Taiwan: Psychometric Evidence from Rasch and Confirmatory Factor Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413352