Clogging and Water Quality Change Effects of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Stormwater
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Filter Media and Recharge Water
2.2. Experimental Setups and Experimental Schemes
2.3. Hydraulic Conductivity
2.4. Transport of Pollutants in the Sand Column
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Flow and Transport of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent MAR
3.2. Retention of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent MAR
3.3. Interaction of Clogging and Water Quality Change under Intermittent MAR
3.4. Changes of Environmental Factors in the Sand Column
3.5. Water Content
3.6. Redox Potential
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral Name | Chemical Formula | Content (%) |
---|---|---|
Quartz | SiO2 | 21 |
Potash (alkaline) feldspar | KAlSi3O8 | 22 |
Plagioclase | Na[AlSi3O8]-Ca[Al2Si2O8] | 52 |
Biotite | K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2 | 5 |
Component | HCO3− | CO32− | Cl− | SO42− | NO3− | K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration(mg/L) | 75.4 | 0.0 | 22.9 | 26.9 | 10.0 | 5.5 | 9.1 | 13.8 | 5.3 |
Group | Pollutant | Concentration (mg/L) | Medium | Hydraulic Gradient | Intermittent Time (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | Fe | 3 | Fine sand | 1 | 3 |
E2 | Fe | 3 | Medium sand | 1 | 3 |
E3 | Zn | 1 | Fine sand | 1 | 3 |
E4 | Zn | 1 | Medium sand | 1 | 3 |
E5 | Pb | 2 | Fine sand | 1 | 3 |
E6 | Pb | 2 | Medium sand | 1 | 3 |
No. | MIn (mg) | MBTC (mg) | MRet (mg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recharge Stage | Recharge Stage | ||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
E1 | 165.0 | 60.0 | 40.5 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 251.8 |
E2 | 184.5 | 105.0 | 60.0 | 9.2 | 7.0 | 2.2 | 325.8 |
E3 | 160.0 | 136.0 | 137.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 430.7 |
E4 | 815.0 | 380.0 | 425.0 | 13.7 | 7.1 | 9.7 | 1588.1 |
E5 | 296.0 | 267.0 | 269.0 | 66.2 | 28.7 | 60.6 | 675.7 |
E6 | 996.0 | 872.0 | 710.0 | 27.1 | 8.4 | 24.2 | 2509.1 |
Recharge Stage | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E6 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Start | End | Start | End | Start | End | Start | End | Start | End | ||
1st recharge | C/C0 | 0 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.48 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.34 | 0 | 0.0008 | 0 | 0.26 |
K/K0 | 1 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.45 | 1 | 0.28 | |
2nd recharge | C/C0 | 0.57 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 0.0019 | 0.0003 | 0.41 | 0.07 |
K/K0 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.63 | 0.28 | |
3rd recharge | C/C0 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.77 | 0.20 | 0.0013 | 0.0007 | 0.17 | 0.14 |
K/K0 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.26 |
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Ma, S.; Song, Y.; Ye, X.; Du, X.; Ma, J. Clogging and Water Quality Change Effects of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Stormwater. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413272
Ma S, Song Y, Ye X, Du X, Ma J. Clogging and Water Quality Change Effects of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Stormwater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413272
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Siyao, Yalin Song, Xueyan Ye, Xinqiang Du, and Jingjia Ma. 2021. "Clogging and Water Quality Change Effects of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Stormwater" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413272