Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials and Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sports | Testing Periods | N | Mean ± SD | S Error M | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | P1 | 40 | 27.80 ± 3.15 | 0.99 | 3.73 | 0.002 |
P2 | 40 | 32.20 ± 1.98 | 0.62 | |||
Team | P1 | 40 | 22 ± 3.91 | 1.24 | 4.13 | 0.001 |
P2 | 40 | 28.40 ± 2.95 | 0.93 | |||
Individual vs. Team | P1 | 80 | 27.80 ± 3.15 | 0.99 | 3.64 | 0.002 |
22 ± 3.91 | 1.24 | |||||
Individual vs. Team | P2 | 80 | 32.20 ± 1.98 | 0.62 | 3.37 | 0.003 |
28.40 ± 2.95 | 0.93 |
Scale | Sports | Testing Periods | N | Mean ± SD | S Error M | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-confidence | Individual | P1 | 40 | 8 ± 1.15 | 0.36 | 2.02 | 0.058 |
P2 | 40 | 9 ± 1.05 | 0.33 | ||||
Team | P1 | 40 | 6.50 ± 1.17 | 0.37 | 2.81 | 0.010 | |
P2 | 40 | 7.90 ± 0.99 | 0.31 | ||||
Individual vs. Team | P1 | 80 | 8 ± 1.15 | 0.36 | 2.87 | 0.010 | |
6.50 ± 1.17 | 0.37 | ||||||
Individual vs. Team | P2 | 80 | 9 ± 1.05 | 0.33 | 2.40 | 0.027 | |
7.90 ± 0.99 | 0.31 | ||||||
Social courage | Individual | P1 | 40 | 7.70 ± 1.63 | 0.58 | 0.16 | 0.879 |
P2 | 40 | 7.80 ± 1.22 | 0.38 | ||||
Team | P1 | 40 | 7.10 ± 1.10 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.669 | |
P2 | 40 | 7.30 ± 0.94 | 0.30 | ||||
Individual vs. Team | P1 | 80 | 7.70 ± 1.63 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 0.349 | |
7.10 ± 1.10 | 0.35 | ||||||
Individual vs. Team | P2 | 80 | 7.80 ± 1.22 | 0.38 | 1.02 | 0.322 | |
7.30 ± 0.94 | 0.30 | ||||||
Initiation of social contacts | Individual | P1 | 40 | 8 ± 1.15 | 0.36 | 1.96 | 0.065 |
P2 | 40 | 8.90 ± 0.87 | 0.27 | ||||
Team | P1 | 40 | 6 ± 1.88 | 0.59 | 1.42 | 0.171 | |
P2 | 40 | 7.20 ± 1.87 | 0.69 | ||||
Individual vs. Team | P1 | 80 | 8 ± 1.15 | 0.36 | 2.86 | 0.010 | |
6 ± 1.88 | 0.59 | ||||||
Individual vs. Team | P2 | 80 | 8.90 ± 0.87 | 0.27 | 2.60 | 0.018 | |
7.20 ± 1.87 | 0.69 |
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Šagát, P.; Bartik, P.; Lazić, A.; Tohănean, D.I.; Koronas, V.; Turcu, I.; Knjaz, D.; Alexe, C.I.; Curițianu, I.M. Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412915
Šagát P, Bartik P, Lazić A, Tohănean DI, Koronas V, Turcu I, Knjaz D, Alexe CI, Curițianu IM. Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):12915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412915
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠagát, Peter, Peter Bartik, Anja Lazić, Dragoș Ioan Tohănean, Vasilios Koronas, Ioan Turcu, Damir Knjaz, Cristina Ioana Alexe, and Ioana Maria Curițianu. 2021. "Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 12915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412915
APA StyleŠagát, P., Bartik, P., Lazić, A., Tohănean, D. I., Koronas, V., Turcu, I., Knjaz, D., Alexe, C. I., & Curițianu, I. M. (2021). Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 12915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412915