Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 between Genders in a Malaysian Sample
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Design
2.2. Measurement
2.3. Analytic Process
3. Results
3.1. Exploratory Factor Analysis
3.2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
3.3. Validity
3.4. Measurement Invariance
4. Discussion
Limitations and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Factor Loading | |
---|---|---|
1 | I respect my body. | 0.69 |
2 | I feel good about my body. | 0.82 |
3 | I feel that my body has at least some good qualities. | 0.67 |
4 | I take a positive attitude towards my body. | 0.81 |
5 | I am attentive to my body’s needs. | 0.66 |
6 | I feel love for my body. | 0.84 |
7 | I appreciate the different and unique characteristics of my body. | 0.78 |
8 | My behavior reveals my positive attitude toward my body; for example, I hold my head high and smile. | 0.69 |
9 | I am comfortable in my body. | 0.76 |
10 | I feel like I am beautiful even if I am different from media images of attractive people (e.g., models, actresses/actors). | 0.72 |
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin | 0.94 | |
Bartlett’s test | χ2 (45) = 2336.69, p < 0.001 | |
Explained total variance (%) | 55.90 |
χ2 | df | CFI | Model Comparison | ∆χ2 | df | p | ∆CFI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline model | ||||||||
Male | 47.30 | 35 | 0.998 | - | - | - | - | - |
Female | 29.67 | 35 | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | - |
1. Configural invariance model | 76.97 | 70 | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | - |
2. Metric invariance model | 133.58 *** | 79 | 0.996 | 2 vs. 1 | 56.61 | 9 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
3. Scalar invariance model | 142.64 *** | 88 | 0.996 | 3 vs. 2 | 9.06 | 9 | 0.432 | 0.000 |
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Tan, C.-S.; Cheng, S.-M.; Cong, C.W.; Abu Bakar, A.R.B.; Michael, E.; Mohd Wazir, M.I.B.; Mat Alim, M.B.; Ahmad Tajudin, B.D.B.; Mohamed Rosli, N.E.-Z.H.B.; Asmi, A.B. Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 between Genders in a Malaysian Sample. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111628
Tan C-S, Cheng S-M, Cong CW, Abu Bakar ARB, Michael E, Mohd Wazir MIB, Mat Alim MB, Ahmad Tajudin BDB, Mohamed Rosli NE-ZHB, Asmi AB. Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 between Genders in a Malaysian Sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111628
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Chee-Seng, Siew-May Cheng, Chin Wen Cong, Afi Roshezry Bin Abu Bakar, Edwin Michael, Mohamad Iqbaal Bin Mohd Wazir, Muliyati Binti Mat Alim, Bazlin Darina Binti Ahmad Tajudin, Nor Ez-Zatul Hanani Binti Mohamed Rosli, and Alfian Bin Asmi. 2021. "Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 between Genders in a Malaysian Sample" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111628
APA StyleTan, C. -S., Cheng, S. -M., Cong, C. W., Abu Bakar, A. R. B., Michael, E., Mohd Wazir, M. I. B., Mat Alim, M. B., Ahmad Tajudin, B. D. B., Mohamed Rosli, N. E. -Z. H. B., & Asmi, A. B. (2021). Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 between Genders in a Malaysian Sample. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111628