Association of BMI, Physical Activity with Academic Performance among Female Students of Health Colleges of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Categories | No | % |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 18–23 | 375 | 98.9 |
≥24 | 4 | 1.1 | |
Marital status | Unmarried | 350 | 92.4 |
Married | 29 | 7.6 | |
Height (Mean ± SD) | 158.17 ± 10.99 | 379 | 100 |
Weight (Mean ± SD) | 60.02 ± 15.35 | 379 | 100 |
BMI (Mean ± SD) | 23.91 ± 6.83 | 379 | 100 |
College/Department | Nursing | 45 | 11.9 |
Emergency medicine | 3 | 0.8 | |
Public health | 48 | 12.7 | |
Radiology | 26 | 6.9 | |
Pharmacy | 116 | 30.6 | |
Dentistry | 49 | 12.9 | |
Medicine | 35 | 9.2 | |
Physiotherapy | 34 | 9.0 | |
Medical Laboratories | 23 | 6.0 | |
Study Level | Fourth | 109 | 28.8 |
Fifth | 44 | 11.6 | |
Sixth | 44 | 11.6 | |
Seventh | 43 | 11.3 | |
Eighth | 58 | 15.3 | |
Ninth | 17 | 4.5 | |
Tenth | 64 | 16.9 | |
Do you suffer from any chronic disease? | Yes | 31 | 8.2 |
No | 348 | 91.8 |
BMI Classification | Range | No | % | (Mean ± SD) | Total Mean of BMI Scores (Mean ± SD) | Coefficientof Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | <18.5 | 51 | 13.5 | 17.34 ± 0.88 | 23.91 ± 6.83 | 37.2% |
Normal weight | 18.5–24.9 | 203 | 53.6 | 21.54 ± 1.91 | ||
Overweight | 25–29.9 | 76 | 20.1 | 27.03 ± 1.45 | ||
Obesity | ≥30 | 49 | 12.9 | 35.78 ± 10.88 |
Academic Performance Level | Range | No | % | (Mean ± SD) | Overall Mean of Academic Performance (Mean ± SD) | Coefficient of Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | 1.4–2.5 | 76 | 20.1 | 2.79 ± 0.53 | 3.98 ± 0.74 | 22.7% |
High | 2.6–5 | 303 | 79.9 | 4.28 ± 0.41 |
Variables | Overall Academic Performance r-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Total Body mass index (BMI) | −0.391 | 0.000 ** |
Physical activity pattern | 0.010 | 0.876 |
How many hours do you perform exercise? | 0.048 | 0.367 |
What do you prefer to do in your spare time rather than exercise? | 0.047 | 0.308 |
How many hours do you spend on non-physical activities? | 0.022 | 0.721 |
High Academic Performance (n = 303) | Low Academic Performance (n = 76) | Significant Difference | Effect Size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | t | p-Value | (η2)-Value | |
BMI | 22.48 ± 1.99 | 29.61 ± 11.37 | 8.956 | 0.000 ** | −0.175 |
Variable | Categories | No | % | Overall Level of Academic Performance | Total BMI Scores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
Presence of chronic disease | Yes | 31 | 8.2 | 3.50 ± 0.88 | 26.53 ± 9.20 |
No | 348 | 91.8 | 4.03 ± 0.71 | 23.68 ± 6.54 | |
t-Value | 3.888 | 2.235 | |||
p-value | 0.000 ** | 0.026 * | |||
Physical activity pattern | Extremely inactive | 39 | 10.3 | 3.89 ± 0.78 | 24.41 ± 6.72 |
Inactive | 193 | 50.9 | 3.89 ± 0.79 | 24.69 ± 6.57 | |
Active | 130 | 34.3 | 4.08 ± 0.67 | 23.31 ± 7.11 | |
Extremely active | 17 | 4.5 | 3.99 ± 0.85 | 23.75 ± 5.59 | |
F-Value | 3.106 | 1.120 | |||
p-value | 0.027 * | 0.341 | |||
How many hours did you do exercise? | 1–2 h weekly | 200 | 52.8 | 3.89 ± 0.79 | 23.86 ± 7.36 |
3–4 h weekly | 123 | 32.4 | 4.00 ± 0.67 | 23.17 ± 5.67 | |
>4 h weekly | 17 | 4.5 | 4.79 ± 0.85 | 23.02 ± 4.09 | |
No exercising | 39 | 10.3 | 3.39 ± 0.78 | 24.61 ± 7.10 | |
F-Value | 3.219 | 0.804 | |||
p-value | 0.023 * | 0.492 | |||
What did you do in your spare time? | Shopping | 43 | 11.3 | 3.86 ± 0.69 | 22.56 ± 4.85 |
Social media | 249 | 65.7 | 3.99 ± 0.74 | 24.25 ± 6.99 | |
Reading | 58 | 15.3 | 3.99 ± 0.69 | 23.66 ± 8.46 | |
Watching TV | 29 | 7.7 | 4.05 ± 0.92 | 23.57 ± 3.33 | |
F-Value | 0.457 | 0.816 | |||
p-Value | 0.713 | 0.486 | |||
How many hours did you spend on non-physical activities? | 1–2 h daily | 45 | 11.9 | 4.03 ± 0.73 | 23.55 ± 5.50 |
3–4 h daily | 141 | 37.2 | 3.96 ± 0.76 | 24.30 ± 6.43 | |
5–6 h daily | 193 | 50.9 | 3.99 ± 0.73 | 23.72 ± 7.38 | |
F-Value | 0.126 | 0.363 | |||
p-Value | 0.881 | 0.696 |
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Alhazmi, A.; Aziz, F.; Hawash, M.M. Association of BMI, Physical Activity with Academic Performance among Female Students of Health Colleges of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010912
Alhazmi A, Aziz F, Hawash MM. Association of BMI, Physical Activity with Academic Performance among Female Students of Health Colleges of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20):10912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010912
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhazmi, Amani, Farah Aziz, and Manal Mohammed Hawash. 2021. "Association of BMI, Physical Activity with Academic Performance among Female Students of Health Colleges of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20: 10912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010912