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Article

Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
Laura M. Pérez
1,2,*,
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor
1,2,3,
Matteo Cesari
4,5,
Luis Soto-Bagaria
1,2,
Joan Ars
1,2,
Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi
6,
Sonia Baró
2,7,
Francisco Díaz-Gallego
8,
Jordi Vilaró
9,
María B. Enfedaque
10,
Paula Espí-Valbé
2 and
Marco Inzitari
1,2,11
1
Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Area of Intermediate Care, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
2
RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research & Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
3
GIES Research Group, Basic Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
4
Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milano, Italy
5
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, 20138 Milano, Italy
6
Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
7
Primary Healthcare Center Larrard, Atenció Primària Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
8
Primary Healthcare Center Bordeta-Magòria, Institut Català de la Salut, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
9
Department of Health Sciences, Blanquerna—Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
10
Institut Català de la Salut, Gerència de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
11
Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020808
Submission received: 21 December 2020 / Revised: 11 January 2021 / Accepted: 13 January 2021 / Published: 19 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Care for Older Adults)
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Abstract

Due to the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Spain underwent a strict lockdown (March–May 2020). How the lockdown modified older adults’ physical activity (PA) has been poorly described. This research assesses the effect of the lockdown on PA levels and identifies predictors of sufficient/insufficient PA in frail older community-dwellers. Community-dwelling participants from the +ÀGIL Barcelona frailty intervention program, suspended during the pandemic, underwent a phone-assessment during the lockdown. PA was measured before and after the lockdown using the Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool (BPAAT). We included 98 frail older adults free of COVID-19 (mean age = 82.7 years, 66.3% women, mean Short Physical Performance Battery = 8.1 points). About one third of participants (32.2%) were not meeting sufficient PA levels at the end of the lockdown. Depressive symptoms (OR = 0.12, CI95% = 0.02–0.55) and fatigue (OR = 0.11, CI95% = 0.03–0.44) decreased the odds of maintaining sufficient PA, whereas maintaining social networks (OR = 5.07, CI95% = 1.60–16.08) and reading (OR = 6.29, CI95% = 1.66–23.90) increased it. Living alone was associated with the reduction of PA levels (b = −1.30, CI95% = −2.14–−0.46). In our sample, pre-lockdown mental health, frailty-related symptoms and social relationships were consistently associated with both PA levels during-lockdown and pre-post change. These data suggest considering specific plans to maintain PA levels in frail older community-dwellers.
Keywords: COVID-19; frailty; aging; physical activity; mental health; social relationships COVID-19; frailty; aging; physical activity; mental health; social relationships

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pérez, L.M.; Castellano-Tejedor, C.; Cesari, M.; Soto-Bagaria, L.; Ars, J.; Zambom-Ferraresi, F.; Baró, S.; Díaz-Gallego, F.; Vilaró, J.; Enfedaque, M.B.; et al. Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020808

AMA Style

Pérez LM, Castellano-Tejedor C, Cesari M, Soto-Bagaria L, Ars J, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Baró S, Díaz-Gallego F, Vilaró J, Enfedaque MB, et al. Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020808

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pérez, Laura M., Carmina Castellano-Tejedor, Matteo Cesari, Luis Soto-Bagaria, Joan Ars, Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi, Sonia Baró, Francisco Díaz-Gallego, Jordi Vilaró, María B. Enfedaque, and et al. 2021. "Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020808

APA Style

Pérez, L. M., Castellano-Tejedor, C., Cesari, M., Soto-Bagaria, L., Ars, J., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Baró, S., Díaz-Gallego, F., Vilaró, J., Enfedaque, M. B., Espí-Valbé, P., & Inzitari, M. (2021). Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020808

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