Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters

Choi, Eun Young; Choi, Seung-Hye; Lee, Haeyoung

doi:10.3390/ijerph18020698

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Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters

Eun Young Choi

Seung-Hye Choi

^2,*

and

Haeyoung Lee

^3,*

Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea

Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020698

Received: 20 October 2020 / Revised: 8 January 2021 / Accepted: 12 January 2021 / Published: 15 January 2021

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Abstract

As a result of mass media development, disaster-related information, such as the severity of damage, can be easily shared; thus, the issue of consequent indirect trauma has become as important as that of direct trauma. This study developed a scale to measure the degree of indirect trauma caused by media exposure to social disasters and then verified this scale’s reliability and validity. Initial items were developed through a literature review; 39 items were selected by examining their content validity and conducting a pretest. To verify the scale’s validity and reliability, exploratory factor analyses were conducted, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated. The explanatory power of the screening scale developed through this study was 62.2%. The scale was ultimately composed of three factors comprising 24 items. Through exploratory factor analyses, factors were identified as “psychological, physical, and behavioral responses to social disasters” (factor 1), “moral resentment due to social disasters” (factor 2), and “a sense of threat to life due to social disasters” (factor 3). Regarding internal reliability, Cronbach’s alpha values ranged between 0.85 and 0.96. Future studies with expanded participant populations are suggested, which could further verify the scale’s validity and reliability and complement its shortcomings. View Full-Text

Keywords: social disaster; indirect trauma; indirect victims; PTSD; media

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Choi, E.Y.; Choi, S.-H.; Lee, H. Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020698

AMA Style

Choi EY, Choi S-H, Lee H. Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020698

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Eun Y., Seung-Hye Choi, and Haeyoung Lee. 2021. "Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020698

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Development and Evaluation of a Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters

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