Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast

Honda, Masato; Mukai, Koki; Nagato, Edward; Uno, Seiichi; Oshima, Yuji

doi:10.3390/ijerph18020630

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast

by

Masato Honda

^1,*

,

Koki Mukai

^2,3,

Edward Nagato

⁴,

Seiichi Uno

⁵ and

Yuji Oshima

²

¹

Botanical Garden, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan

²

Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

³

Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan

⁴

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishitsugawa-machi, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan

⁵

Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020630

Submission received: 14 December 2020 / Revised: 29 December 2020 / Accepted: 5 January 2021 / Published: 13 January 2021

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in wharf roach (Ligia spp.), as an environmental indicator, and in environmental components of the intertidal and supralittoral zones were determined, and the PAH exposure pathways in wharf roach were estimated. Wharf roaches, mussels, and environmental media (water, soil and sand, and drifting seaweed) were collected from 12 sites in Japan along coastal areas of the Sea of Japan. PAH concentrations in wharf roaches were higher than those in mussels (median total of 15 PAHs: 48.5 and 39.9 ng/g-dry weight (dw), respectively) except for samples from Ishikawa (wharf roach: 47.9 ng/g-dw; mussel: 132 ng/g-dw). The highest total PAH concentration in wharf roach was from Akita (96.0 ng/g-dw), followed by a sample from Niigata (85.2 ng/g-dw). Diagnostic ratio analysis showed that nearly all PAHs in soil and sand were of petrogenic origin. Based on a correlation analysis of PAH concentrations between wharf roach and the environmental components, wharf roach exposure to three- and four-ring PAHs was likely from food (drifting seaweed) and from soil and sand, whereas exposure to four- and five-ring PAHs was from several environmental components. These findings suggest that the wharf roach can be used to monitor PAH pollution in the supralittoral zone and in the intertidal zone.

Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Ligia spp.; supralittoral zone; exposure pathway

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MDPI and ACS Style

Honda, M.; Mukai, K.; Nagato, E.; Uno, S.; Oshima, Y. Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020630

AMA Style

Honda M, Mukai K, Nagato E, Uno S, Oshima Y. Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020630

Chicago/Turabian Style

Honda, Masato, Koki Mukai, Edward Nagato, Seiichi Uno, and Yuji Oshima. 2021. "Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020630

APA Style

Honda, M., Mukai, K., Nagato, E., Uno, S., & Oshima, Y. (2021). Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020630

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Correlation between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wharf Roach (Ligia spp.) and Environmental Components of the Intertidal and Supralittoral Zone along the Japanese Coast

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