Relationship between Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement of Chinese Early Adolescents: Multiple Mediating Roles of Mental Health and Mathematics Self-Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement in Elementary School
1.2. Mental Health as a Mediator between Mathematics Achievement and Parental Involvement
1.3. Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between Mathematics Achievement and Parental Involvement
1.4. Role of Covariates
1.5. The Current Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Parental Involvement
2.2.2. Mental Health
2.2.3. Mathematics Self-Efficacy
2.2.4. Mathematics Achievement
2.2.5. Covariates
2.3. Analytic Strategy
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Tests of Measurement Model
3.3. Structural Equation Model
3.3.1. Direct Effects of Parental Involvement on Mathematics Achievement
3.3.2. The Multiple Mediation Effects
4. Discussion
4.1. Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement
4.2. The Multiple Mediation Role of Mental Health and Mathematics Self-Efficacy
4.3. Educational Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Cognitive involvement | 1 | ||||||||
2. Behavioral involvement | 0.73 *** | 1 | |||||||
3. Personal involvement | 0.62 *** | 0.71 *** | 1 | ||||||
4. Student mental health | 0.26 *** | 0.26 *** | 0.23 *** | 1 | |||||
5. Mathematics self-efficacy | 0.22 *** | 0.23 *** | 0.20 *** | 0.16 *** | 1 | ||||
6. Mathematics achievement | 0.27 *** | 0.28 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.25 *** | 1 | |||
7. Gender | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 1 | ||
8. Number of children at home | −0.07 *** | −0.10 *** | −0.10 *** | −0.03 | −0.08 *** | −0.17 *** | 0.02 | 1 | |
9. Socioeconomic status (SES) | 0.11 *** | 0.17 *** | 0.11 *** | 0.16 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.32 *** | 0.00 | −0.27 *** | 1 |
M | 4.15 | 4.22 | 4.28 | 4.51 | 3.31 | 84.08 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0 |
SD | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 10.18 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.81 |
Goodness-of-Fit Indices | Hypothesized Model | Decision |
---|---|---|
χ2/df | 1112.87 (df = 101, p = 0.00) | Rejected |
CFI | 0.93 | Accepted |
TLI | 0.92 | Accepted |
RMSEA (90% CI) | 0.06 (0.056, 0.062) | Accepted |
SRMR | 0.03 | Accepted |
Predictor and Covariate | Direct (95% CI) | Indirect (95% CI) | Total (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Predictor variable | |||
Cognitive involvement | 0.11 *** (0.07, 0.25) | 0.06 *** (0.01, 0.17) | 0.17 *** (0.06, 0.29) |
Behavioral involvement | 0.06 * (0.04, 0.08) | 0.04 *** (0.02, 0.09) | 0.10 ** (0.07, 0.27) |
Personal involvement | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.02 ** (0.01, 0.10) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.04) |
Covariate | |||
Gender | 0.01 (−0.57, 0.55) | - | - |
Numbers of child at home | −0.07 *** (−0.20, −0.05) | - | - |
SES | 0.24 *** (0.05, 0.60) | - | - |
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Huang, F.; Huang, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, M. Relationship between Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement of Chinese Early Adolescents: Multiple Mediating Roles of Mental Health and Mathematics Self-Efficacy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189565
Huang F, Huang Z, Li Z, Zhang M. Relationship between Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement of Chinese Early Adolescents: Multiple Mediating Roles of Mental Health and Mathematics Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189565
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Feifei, Zhaofeng Huang, Zhe Li, and Minqiang Zhang. 2021. "Relationship between Parental Involvement and Mathematics Achievement of Chinese Early Adolescents: Multiple Mediating Roles of Mental Health and Mathematics Self-Efficacy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189565