Fast Eccentric Movement Tempo Elicits Higher Physiological Responses than Medium Eccentric Tempo in Ice-Hockey Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Familiarization Session and 1RM Strength Test
2.3. Experimental Sessions
2.4. Squat Exercise
2.5. Bench Press Exercise
2.6. Countermovement Jump Test
2.7. Biochemical Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Medium TEMPO | Fast TEMPO | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Squat | Post-Squat | Post-Bench Press | Post-Session 30 min | Pre-Squat | Post-Squat | Post-Bench Press | Post-Session 30 min | |
CMJ Vmax (m/s) | 2.93 ± 0.05; 2.81–3.04 | 2.83 ± 0.04; 2.72–2.94 | 2.85 ± 0.06; 2.73–2.96 | -- | 2.98 ± 0.06; 2.86–3.09 | 2.75 ± 0.06; 2.64–2.87 | 2.82 ± 0.06; 2.71–2.94 | -- |
CMJ Pmax (W/kg) | 34.36 ± 1.43; 31.16–37.56 | 33.31 ± 1.27; 30.12–36.49 | 32.40 ± 1.55; 29.49–35.31 | -- | 35.90 ± 1.69; 32.70–39.10 | 31.33 ± 1.81; 28.15–34.52 | 31.63 ± 1.28; 28.73–34.54 | -- |
Cortisol (µg/dL) | 13.74 ± 1.45; 10.59–16.87 | 16.76 ± 0.88; 14.84–18.66 | 18.08 ± 1.15; 15.59–20.57 | 14.08 ± 0.94; 12.04–16.13 | 14.30 ± 1.45 11.33–17.27 | 18.72 ± 1.43; 16.26–21.17 | 23.76 ± 1.55; 20.95–26.57 | 20.32 ± 1.75; 17.42–23.22 |
GH (ng/mL) | 0.52 ± 0.35; −0.24–1.27 | 7.20 ± 1.92; 3.04–11.34 | 4.59 ± 1.16; 2.06–7.11 | 1.76 ± 0.52; 0.65–2.88 | 0.15 ± 0.05; 0.04–0.27 | 11.21 ± 2.75; 5.26–17.15 | 10.23 ± 1.98; 5.96–14.50 | 3.43 ± 0.78; 1.73–5.12 |
IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 202.43 ± 14.25; 171.79–233.07 | 222.07 ± 13.54; 192.81–251.32 | 211.29 ± 13.96; 181.11–241.46 | 200.00 ± 14.08; 169.57–230.42 | 212.14 ± 15.53; 178.58–245.70 | 249.50 ± 10.85; 226.05–272.95 | 210.43 ± 15.74; 176.42–244.43 | 233.07 ± 7.91; 215.99–250.15 |
Testosterone (ng/dL) | 492.10 ± 32.24; 422.42–561.76 | 663.43 ± 49.45; 556.58–770.28 | 615.01 ± 55.70; 494.68–735.34 | 539.05 ± 45.80; 440.08–638.01 | 488.90 ± 41.36; 399.69–578.19 | 690.27 ± 62.50; 555.23–825.30 | 649.91 ± 62.14; 515.65–784.17 | 521.81 ± 51.85; 409.80–633.82 |
Variable | Protocol TEMPO | Pre-Exercise Post-Squat | Post-Squat Post-Bench Press | Post-Squat Post-30 min | Pre-Exercise Post-Bench Press | Pre-Exercise Post 30 min | Post-Bench Press Post-30 min | Between TEMPO Difference Post-Squa t Post-Bench Press Post-30 min | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMJ Vmax (m/s) | fast | 0.9 | 0.3 | - | 0.6 | - | - | 0.4 | 0.1 | - |
medium | 0.5 | 0.1 | - | 0.3 | - | - | ||||
CMJ Pmax (W/kg) | fast | 0.7 | 0.1 | - | 0.7 | - | - | 0.3 | 0.2 | - |
medium | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 0.3 | - | - | ||||
Cortisol (µg/dL) | fast | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
medium | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.9 | ||||
GH (ng/mL) | fast | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
medium | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||||
IGF-1 (ng/mL) | fast | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
medium | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.00 | 0.2 | ||||
Testosterone (ng/dL) | fast | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
medium | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Variable | Protocol TEMPO | Pre-Exercise Post-Squat | Post-Squat Post-Bench Press | Post-Squat Post-30 min | Pre-Exercise Post-Bench Press | Pre-Exercise Post 30 min | Post-Bench Press Post-30 min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMJ Vmax (m/s) | fast | −0.22 ± 0.15 −0.30–−0.14 | 0.07 ± 0.16 −0.01–0.14 | - | −0.16 ± 0.18 −0.20–0.01 | - | - |
medium | −0.09 ± 0.11 −0.15–0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.14 −0.08–0.06 | - | −0.08 ± 0.12 −0.14–0.02 | - | - | |
CMJ Pmax (W/kg) | fast | −4.57 ± 4.90 −7.09–−2.05 | 0.3 ± 4.09 −1.80–2.40 | - | −4.27 ± 4.81 −6.75–−1.79 | - | - |
medium | −1.05 ± 3.10 −2.64–0.54 | −0.91 ± 3.49 −2.70–0.88 | - | −1.96 ± 3.58 −3.80–0.11 | - | - | |
Cortisol (µg/dL) | fast | 4.42 ± 3.79 2.23–6.61 | 5.04 ± 3.57 2.98–7.10 | 3.44 ± 3.49 1.42–5.46 | 9,46 ± 5.25 6.43–12.49 | 6.02 ± 7.02 1.97–10.07 | −3.44 ± 3.49 −5.46–−1.42 |
medium | 3.02 ± 3.97 0.73–5.32 | 1.32 ± 3.11 −0.47–3.12 | −4.00 ± 0.07 −5.77–−2.22 | 4.34 ± 4.22 1.91–6.78 | 0.34 ± 4.08 −2.01–2.07 | −4.00 ± 3.07 −5.78–−2.22 | |
GH (ng/mL) | fast | 11.05 ± 10.27 5.12–19.98 | −0.97 ± 4.75 −3.71–1.77 | −7.77 ± 7.95 −12.37–−3.18 | 10.08 ± 7.38 5.82–14.35 | 3.27 ± 2.92 1.58–4.96 | −6.80 ± 4.63 −9.49–−4.13 |
medium | 6.67 ± 6.8 2.70–10.64 | −2.60 ± 4.34 −5.11–−0.10 | −5.43 ± 5.90 −8.84–−2.03 | 4.07 ± 4.00 1.76–6.38 | 1.25 ± 2.16 −0.01–2.50 | −2.82 ± 3.56 −4.88–−0.76 | |
IGF-1 (ng/mL) | fast | 37.36 ± 60 2.69–72.02 | −39.07 ± 68 −78–0.24 | −16 ± 33.64 −35.86–2.99 | 1.71 ± 30 −15.97–19.39 | 20.92 ± 60 −14.15–56.01 | 22.64 ± 62 −13.26–58.55 |
medium | 19.64 ± 14.18 11.45–27.83 | −10.78 ± 17.58 −20.93–0.63 | −22.07 ± 11.51 −28.71–15.42 | 8.85 ± 19.02 2.23–19.95 | −2.42 ± 12.08 −9.40–4.54 | −11.28 ± 24.92 −25.67–3.1 | |
Testosterone (ng/dL) | fast | 201.37 ± 100 143–259 | −40.36 ± 44.61 −66–−15 | −168.46 ± 66 −206–−130 | 161.01 ± 112 95–226 | 32.91 ± 78 −13–78 | −128.10 ± 67 −167–−90 |
medium | 171.32 ± 92 117–224 | −48 ± 82 −95–−1 | −124 ± 72 −166–−82 | 122 ± 120 53–192 | 46 ± 93 −7–100 | −75 ± 72 −117–−34 |
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Gepfert, M.; Trybulski, R.; Stastny, P.; Wilk, M. Fast Eccentric Movement Tempo Elicits Higher Physiological Responses than Medium Eccentric Tempo in Ice-Hockey Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147694
Gepfert M, Trybulski R, Stastny P, Wilk M. Fast Eccentric Movement Tempo Elicits Higher Physiological Responses than Medium Eccentric Tempo in Ice-Hockey Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14):7694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147694
Chicago/Turabian StyleGepfert, Mariola, Robert Trybulski, Petr Stastny, and Michał Wilk. 2021. "Fast Eccentric Movement Tempo Elicits Higher Physiological Responses than Medium Eccentric Tempo in Ice-Hockey Players" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147694